멜빌의 청교주의와 사회적 인습에 대한 개혁담론
Melville's Reformative Discourse against Puritanism and Social Conventions
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Abstract
This study aims to analyze Melville's subversiveness as an assertion of social reformation in his major romances such as White-Jacket, Moby-Dick, and Billy Budd, Sailor. The theme of subversiveness could be examined at the point of closely concerning to the concept of possession like slavery and also of relating with democracy and humanity. Melville significantly delineates flogging scenes concerned with his recognition of subversiveness against social conventions and the kinds of pressures derived from them. Through flogging scenes depicted as a motif invoking a social reformation, military hierarchy in whalers and men-of-war is also regarded as one of the social conventions which should be improved based on the writer's enlightening sense of equality. It is possible to persuade us that the theme of subversiveness toward the ideal society makes a contribution to understanding and practicing democracy and humanity. Melville's reformative discourse against oppressive puritanism and hierarchical society is significant; as a result, his narrative conceives of liberation as an act of fundamental subversion that replaces a state of subordination and false consciousness with a state of self-realization. Melville tries to develop his discourse of subversiveness in order to pursue an inalienable freedom against some political systems and social conventions emphasizing a noble individuality. One of Melville's concrete contributions to establishing American national thought and literary renaissance is telling the truth against inequality and possessiveness like slavery, which is common with Emerson's writings. Melville, therefore, attempts to take off the mask of the hypocrisy of Puritan society. His attitude toward Christianity is not based on Puritanical society systems but on God's words and justice, so his view of religion is open-minded and transcendental. After all, he finds fault with the depravities committed in the name of God, although his discourse is often ambiguous by the use of many metaphors and symbols and his subjective thoughts for an ideal society; the State seems sometimes exaggerated self-righteous.
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