그림을 통한 심리진단의 전문가 시스템 방법론
An expert system approach for the art psychotherapy
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초록
그림을 통하여 아동의 심리를 진단(이하, 그림진단)하는 데 필요한 전문가의 지식은 절대적인 진리라거나 질서정연한 논리라거나 또는 잘 짜여진 해법이 되기는 그 특성상 매우 어렵다. 즉, 이 분야의 원인-결과에 대한 복잡성, 다양성 등으로 인하여 전문가들의 지식은 매우 경험적이고 고도의 불확실성을 내포하고 있다. 따라서 그림진단은 인공지능의 한 분야인 전문가 시스템의 좋은 대상이 된다. 이 논문에서는 그림진단 분야에서의 문헌 및 연구 결과에 나타난 전문 지식 및 경험을 지식 기반으로 구축하고, 전문가의 진단과정을 모델화한다. 이 시스템은 사용자 인터페이스를 통하여 부모와 교사 등 비전문가도 손쉽게 진단에 활용할 수 있는 시스템으로 개발된다. 또한 이 시스템은 컴퓨터의 각가지 장점들을 활용함으로써 진단을 명확한 기준에 의하여 효율적으로 수행케 하여 준다. 나아가 이 시스템은 기존 이론들을 체계적으로 구체화하고 서로간에 유사하거나 상충되는 이론들을 찾아 정리하며 또한 새로운 지식을 축적하면서 심리진단 분야의 학문 발전에도 기여할 수 있을 것이다. 끝으로 이 연구에서 개발된 전문가 시스템을 실제 사례에 적용하여 시스템의 적합성, 유용성, 효율성, 신뢰성 등을 입증한다.
Abstract
The expertise in the field of art psychotherapy is, in its nature, seldom an absolute truth, systematic logic, or a well-organized algorithm. The relationships between causes (characteristics in drawings and personal traits) and effects (psychological symptoms) are complicated, diverse and even contradictory, with the result that experts' knowledge is empirical, subjective and highly uncertain. Thus the expert system, a field of artificial intelligence, can be an appropriate approach for this ill-structured paradigm. This paper develops a knowledge-base based on the expert knowledge and experience found in literatures and outcomes of research in the field of art psychotherapy, and builds a model of experts' reasoning process. The user interface makes it possible for non-experts such as parents and teachers to easily utilize this system in diagnosing their children's psychology. Besides, this system makes use of every kind of advantages computers offer, so that diagnosing can be done by more explicit standards in a more effective way. Furthermore, in the process of unifying existing theories in a systematic manner, finding similar or contradictory practices, putting them in order, and accumulating new knowledge, this system could foster the art psychotherapy research. Finally this paper validates the suitability and usefulness of the expert system developed by applying to some actual cases.
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