그림검사 도구의 문제점과 전망
Problems of Drawing Test and Its Perspective
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본 연구는 미술치료의 효과를 검증하는 측정도구로 사용되는 그림검사 도구에 대한 관점을 주로 아동대상의 그림검사 도구로 한정하고 이때, 나타나는 그림검사 도구의 문제점이 무엇인지를 다양한 측면에서 검토하였다. 본 연구를 통해 그림검사는 측정의 규준설정과 검사도구의 목적에 대한 개발자의 이론과 연구자들의 평가를 바탕으로, 인지발달 또는 인지발달의 측정, 지능검사, 지능검사에서 분화된 성격측정의 3가지 형태로 유형화되었다. 따라서 미술치료의 효과를 측정하는 그림검사 도구의 문제점은 지능측정에서 성격측정의 변화로 넘어가는 시기의 그림검사 도구와 그 이후에 나타난 그림검사 도구로 범위가 제한되었다. 검사도구의 변화에 영향을 준 현상학 이론의 기여가 그림검사 도구에 미친 영향력을 다양한 측면으로 제시하였으며, 무엇보다 기존의 그림검사 도구에서 강조되었던 특수한 항목, 요소, 생략된 부분에 대한 특정한 관심에서 예술경험 그 자체, 예술작품을 만드는 과정, 예술재료의 효과와 같은 그림의 구조적 성질을 통한 새로운 접근방식의 변화가 그림검사 도구에 미치는 영향력을 다양한 관점에서 검토하였다. 이러한 검토를 바탕으로 그림검사 도구의 개선책으로 컴퓨터 공학의 접근법에 의한 연구결과를 제시하였다.
Abstract
This study limited perspective on drawing test, used as the measuring tool to verify effects of art therapy, to drawing tests with pictures of children, and reviewed problems of drawing test in various aspects in such case. In this study, based on theories of developers and evaluations of researchers about establishing norms for measurement and purposes of test tools, drawing test is stereotyped to 3 forms: cognitive development measurement, intelligence test, character measurement divided from intelligence test. Therefore, picture test tool measuring effects of art therapy could be defined to picture test tool at the time of changing from intelligence measurement to character measurement and picture test tool after that. Influences of phenomenology to such changes are suggested in various aspects. Above all, it influenced the most in change from special interest to special items, elements and omitted parts which were emphasized in existing drawing test tools to new approaches through structural characteristics. Based on such perspectives, it suggests importance of computer engineering approaches.
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