현대 북경어 兒化韻과 非兒化韻의 음성학적 대조 연구
A Comparative Study between the R-suffixation and General Finals in Beijing Mandarin
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This study is a comparative study of the phenomena in “erhua” and “non-erhua” in Standard Chinese using speech experiment method. “erhua” is a tongue-tied lifting sound that is a characteristic of the commonly spoken Beijing accent. This mechanism sometimes changes the meaning of the characters, but in some cases it is used at frequent intervals without having to make a big difference in meaning. However “erhua” cannot be used in all characters or cannot be used in every single situation, therefore it is uneasy to find out what “erhua” actually is. It may be because the process of Mandarin formation itself has a tremendous amount of variables, from the movement of the capital of the old dynasties to the transformation of numerous power and ruling classes and the transformation of language-speaking groups. For people to find out what the habitual “erhua” mechanism of Beijing people is, a large fund-raising and in-depth prior study has been going on for a long time, but the study still has yet to show what “erhua” truly is. The reason why it was so difficult for researchers to find out what “erhua” truly is, First, because “erhua” is part of the spoken language system, and there are very few of written records of this. Second, because they wanted to understand “erhua” simply as a system within a single language group. Third, because they tried to research about “erhua” and “non-erhua” by only researching the difference between the sound of the main vowel and coda, or the divisional consonant. Which was too vague, rather they should have researched difference of the actual pitch, stress, tone, and length when spoken. Therefore, in this research, using the test recordings that I recorded of my 6 graduate students, whom are studying in Korea and also from China, I differentiated the differences between the pitch and the formant of “erhua” and “non-erhua” when spoken. After the research, the result was that the pitch of “erhua” was mostly higher than “non-erhua” when spoken. The pitch graph showed a very steep slope high or low. Which meant that most people force their pronunciation so that they can see a clear difference in “erhua” words and “non-erhua” words.
Abstract
This study is a comparative study of the phenomena in “erhua” and “non-erhua” in Standard Chinese using speech experiment method. “erhua” is a tongue-tied lifting sound that is a characteristic of the commonly spoken Beijing accent. This mechanism sometimes changes the meaning of the characters, but in some cases it is used at frequent intervals without having to make a big difference in meaning. However “erhua” cannot be used in all characters or cannot be used in every single situation, therefore it is uneasy to find out what “erhua” actually is. It may be because the process of Mandarin formation itself has a tremendous amount of variables, from the movement of the capital of the old dynasties to the transformation of numerous power and ruling classes and the transformation of language-speaking groups. For people to find out what the habitual “erhua” mechanism of Beijing people is, a large fund-raising and in-depth prior study has been going on for a long time, but the study still has yet to show what “erhua” truly is. The reason why it was so difficult for researchers to find out what “erhua” truly is, First, because “erhua” is part of the spoken language system, and there are very few of written records of this. Second, because they wanted to understand “erhua” simply as a system within a single language group. Third, because they tried to research about “erhua” and “non-erhua” by only researching the difference between the sound of the main vowel and coda, or the divisional consonant. Which was too vague, rather they should have researched difference of the actual pitch, stress, tone, and length when spoken. Therefore, in this research, using the test recordings that I recorded of my 6 graduate students, whom are studying in Korea and also from China, I differentiated the differences between the pitch and the formant of “erhua” and “non-erhua” when spoken. After the research, the result was that the pitch of “erhua” was mostly higher than “non-erhua” when spoken. The pitch graph showed a very steep slope high or low. Which meant that most people force their pronunciation so that they can see a clear difference in “erhua” words and “non-erhua” words.
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