王夫之的六朝文學觀

Abstract

Wang Fuzhi’s(王夫之) comments on the literature of the Six Dynasties have extremely important value in the history of poetry. Before Wang Fuzhi, no scholar had fully affirmed and praised the literature of the Six Dynasties like him. This is mainly because his conclusion was based on the selection of poetry in the past. This is different from the generalization of those general commentators. Wang Fuzhi’s affirmation of Six Dynasties literature is mainly reflected in six aspects. First, he refuted the theory of “rise from decline”(起衰論). In his opinion, the Song’s theory of “rise from decline”(起衰論) was wrong. Compared with the Tang Dynasty, the literature of the Six Dynasties was not a decline. The poetry of the Six Dynasties inherited the Zhou-Han(周漢) and opened the Tang Dynasty. The Six Dynasties should not be regarded as a decline. Second, the poems of the Six Dynasties preceded the poems of the Tang Dynasty. The most mature modern-style poems in the Tang Dynasty originated in the Six Dynasties; Tang poetry often drew nourishment from the Six Dynasties poems, and most of fine verses came from the Six Dynasties. In terms of subject matter, technique, structure, rhyme, and words, they were all influenced by the Six Dynasties literature. Fourth, there are differences in the literature of the Six Dynasties. Wang Fuzhi divided it into three stages: Jin-Song(晉宋), Qi-Liang(齊梁), and Chen-Sui(陳隋). In general, it was the highest in the Jin-Song dynasties. However, even so, he did not deny Qi-Liang or Chen-Sui completely. Fifth, Wang Fuzhi also had a unique understanding of the poetic styles of the Six Dynasties. For example, he respected the Five-character poem of Jin-Song Dynasties, and believed that the Four-character poem of Shen Yue(沈約) were the best, and Xiao Yi(蕭繹) Seven-character quatrain was the vowel of the past dynasties. Sixth, it has pioneering and exemplary significance in the discussion of situational affair. The aspects of sentiment and scenery, matter and emotion, reason and poetry fully embodied his dialectical concept, which neither negated the scenery, matter, and reason in poetry, but also took care of emotion and essence.