王夫之의 杜甫 비판과 그 詩學 논리

Abstract

This paper explores the poetic theory of Wang Fuzi[王夫之]’s criticism of Du Fu[杜甫], which is one of the core problems of Wang Fuzi’s poetry, and why Wang Fuzi harshly criticized Du Fu. This paper presents Wang Fuzi’s criticism of Du Fu in five aspects and traces Wang Fuzi’s aesthetic logic in each aspect. Du Fu’s critique of delinquency can be drawn from Wang Fuzi’s own experience of the destruction of his country, and becomes clear when contrasted with Qu Yuan[屈原]’s spirit. Criticism of ‘the history of poetry’[詩史] clarifies the division between literary and non-literary, and we can know the fact that everything from the theory of human nature to the concrete work analysis was carried out in order to establish the literary characteristics of poetry. Criticism of the creative technique of Du Fu’s poems arises mainly from the vocal and lexical refinement and prose elements, but from the recognition that these degrade the poetry to human manipulation, the ‘dead law’[死法] is replaced by ‘lawless’[非法] was made to convert to. Criticism of ‘Learning Du Fu’[學杜] points out that Du Fu is the opposite of authority, that the strong points of Du Fu are not learned, and only the short points of Du Fu are blindly learned, correcting the mock poetry style of the Ming dynasty poetry circle. Criticism of theme and style provides an insight into the history of ‘the collective emotional’[集團情感], which originally unified ‘the teachings of the poetry’[詩敎] and ‘the meanings of the classics’[經義], and descended to the Ming Dynasty. In this process, Du Fu’s poem played a decisive role in the fall of poetry. This determines the rise and fall of a country and the nature of civilization, and Wang Fuzi has a sense of mission to correct ‘the collective emotional’ order[集團的 情感의 矯正] and ‘reconstructing the civilization history of emotions’[情感의 文明史的 再構築]. In the end, Wang Fuzi’s critique of Du Fu reveals the fact that it consists of alternative ideas in a wide range of fields, from the literary independence of poetry to the salvation of civilization. Even if Wang Fuzi’s criticism of Du Fu is harsh and radical, it never has a simple impression or emotional criticism, and tries to confirm the fact that it was made within a relatively general and structural point of view.