어휘적 중의성을 통해 살펴본‘也’ 구문과 ‘-도’ 구문의 비교연구

Abstract

The adverbial elements of Chinese language come between the subject and the predicate and modifies the predicate while sitting in front of it. However, ‘也’, which is one of such adverbial elements sometimes modifies not only the predicate but also the subject or the objective in the sentence, depending on the intent of the speaker. Due to such a characteristic, this element may have dual meanings. The speaker may, based on the meanings he/she intends to deliver, select the center of the meaning. After this, a preceding phrase which is in the opposite of the following phrase in terms of the meanings appears, forming a ‘类同’ relationship. The center of meaning, which is modified by ‘也’ may be a single entity or a multiplicity of them. But, when it modifies multiple elements, a prerequisite that covers the entire centers becomes necessary, and, for this reason, it is classified as a ‘marked’ form. In Korean language, ‘-도’ is a supportive element that can be used in six different meanings. Of these the meanings that correspond to its Chinese counterpart is (1) adding something on top of something else, and (2) enclosing two different objects or events into one. The ‘-도’ element that is used in this meaning can be joined by a subject/object, predicate, adverbial phrase, or supportive element phrase suffix. The comparative analysis of ‘也’ in Chinese and ‘-도’ in Korean resulted in the following conclusions. ‘也’ in Chinese is an adverbial element and comes in fixed positions in a sentence. It comes between the subject and the predicate and modifies either NP or VP to highlight the target of modification as the center of the meaning of the sentence. Its Korean counterpart, ‘-도’, is different as its position in a sentence is more flexible. Also in a ‘-도’ phrase, the meaning (1) is highly comparative to its Chinese counterpart, while (2) is relatively differentiated. And, how it corresponds in either of these two forms is determined by whether the modified target of ‘也’ is a subject or not. Lastly, the analysis using sample sentences in modern Chinese novels showed that it is usually a noun that comes in the subject position of a ‘也’ phrase, while the predicate position is occupied by an action verb. Also, the analysis of the sample sentences in the perspective of the context in which the center of meaning appears showed that, in most of such sentences, the subject was being modified as a single target, followed by predicates and objectives. Marked formats appeared scarcely. In summary, the ‘也’ phrases of Chinese and the ‘-도’ phrases in Korean turned out to be highly comparative. Therefore, it could be said that this can be a grammatical form that could be learned easily by Korean students who learn Chinese as the second foreign language. However, in addition to the similarities, there were differences as well. And, as this study was limited to a part of the meanings of ‘也’ phrases, further studies are mandated in terms of a larger scope in the future.