울음(鳴), 공감(共感), 공명(共鳴)의 레토릭― 발화에서 담론까지의 ‘불평즉명론(不平則鳴論)’

Abstract

This study, initiated by humanities questions ‘sound like a bird’s crying’ which refers to the Chinese character ‘Ming’. In Chinese character used by East Asian countries, ‘Ming’ is considered to be ‘bird’s sound’ which came after ‘shape of bird(鳥)’ and ‘phonetic characteristics(口)’. This is very different from Western countries that consider ‘bird’s sound’ as “The or A bird is singing”. Why do we(In Chinese character used by East Asian countries) consider the Chinese character ‘Ming’ as a “sound of Bird’s crying”?This research reveals the root cause of cultural recognition by studying Han Yu’s literature 《Send Meng Dogye Xu》 during the Tang Dynasty in comparison to ‘the signified’ in “Cry out against injustice”. “Cry out against injustice” is a well composed work because of its internal and external subjects with its metaphorical meaning “writing literatures as an anger of scholars” together with a resonance effect made by the character ‘Ming’. The author of this study thinks that the subject could be amplified internally as well as externally among Chinese used by East Asian countries since they considered ‘Ming’ as “sound of crying”. It can be assumed from the title “Experience of feeling”, that it is a farewell letter written by Han Yu after he was through with his long-time friend Meng Jiao and ‘Empathy’, which means altruistic mind in psychology, is an emotional foundation of this writing. The utterance of ‘Usually, things make sounds when they lose their original stability’ plays as a major premise in this writing and it sets up “Cry against injustice” as a background which applies to science as well as the humanities. Furthermore, it completed the concept of “Cry against injustice” as “writing literatures as an anger of scholars”. In addition, the meaning of “writing literatures as an anger of scholars” and “Cry against injustice” is made by an effective combination of external phonetic characteristics and an internal theory of ‘Ming’. This concept was beyond the ‘conversation’ between Han Yu and Meng Jiao and the ‘Discourse’ during the same period of time. This was why that it was accepted and transformed by the public over the ages. This study analyzed the process of transformation of the ‘Ming’, a main character of <Send Meng Dogye Xu> from ‘sound’ to ‘crying’. To become established as a common recognition among one culture takes numerous different experiences that was accumulated and learned over a long period of time from past to present. The recognition of ‘Bird’s sound’ among Chinese character using countries has been firmly set based on various environments and historical backgrounds. Therefore, there should be limitations to define the context based on one literature <Send Meng Dogye Xu> and the definition is nothing but an inference. However, it can’t be overlooked that the concept of “Cry against injustice” from the text of <Send Meng Dogye Xu> has been around over the ages through a consistent process of discourse.