중국 국가급 무형문화유산 목록의 고찰― 소수민족의 목록을 중심으로

Abstract

The list is the most basic data and administrative practices showing aspects of the intangible cultural heritage of each country. China has acceded to the UNESCO's convention for the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage since 2004, and first drew up the intangible cultural heritage state-level list in 2006, and updated its list respectively, in 2008 and 2011. This paper is the study about the above 3 lists, first I find the change in its terms, the structure and classification of list, next select items related 55 ethnic minorities on the list, and then analyze them from different angles and understand there are the implicit political intentions. Through a change in the terms on the list, replacing the term of folk with tradition, shows there are a political intent to use the intangible cultural heritage cultural politically. The classifications of list were created following the tradition of the modern academic, but when it is combined with inheritance system, it has had a negative effect on the protection of intangible cultural heritage. From first to third list, its selection criteria often get changed, are ambiguous and the list of system is faulty, which may give rise to misunderstanding about the intangible cultural heritage. The intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities accounts for 38.3% towards the entire lists, which shows there seems to be a lot of support for ethenic minorities apparently. However, on the basis of the numbers of the government offices, institutes and so on which applied for the list accounted for only 30.8%. This is to say that these minorities political and administrative power, academic achievements are inferior to the those of the Han(Chinese) ethnic regions. Selected items are overly weighted toward the multinational nationality of Tibetan, Mongolian, Miao, Uyghur people, which means that the Intangible Cultural Heritage of ethnic minorities is regard as a cultural political instrument among nations rather than as a pure purpose of protecting the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities.