奪換法下韩国人的唐詩觀

Abstract

The method of Duohuan(奪換), that is, the method of changing the bones and altering the fetus, is an important topic in the poetics of the Song Dynasty. Since Huang Tingjian(黃庭堅) proposed it, it has been used in the creation of poetry in the past dynasties. The method of changing the bones and altering the fetus, especially from Tang poetry, has become a relatively popular creative method. Korean poets are very concerned about this. In their reading, they could find the poems of the Tang Dynasty replacing the six dynasties, and put forward special mentions, even there are some places that Chinese scholars had not noticed. They also found lots of examples of later generations changing and altering the before, compared and evaluated them, and tried to find out the author’s personality and differences, so as to provide a reference for the current writing. Korean poets not only noticed the facts before and after Tang and Song poets were changed and altered, but also noticed how to change and alter Tang poetry in their own creations. There are many cases of Korean poets taking over and replacing Tang poetry in the process of creation. Changing and altering Tang poetry is an important way for them to learn Tang poetry. Some great poets in the Tang Dynasty, such as Li Bai(李白), Du Fu(杜甫), Bai Juyi(白居易), etc., were their most common targets for replacement; in addition, Korean poets also showed special preferences for poets in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, especially in the late Tang Dynasty. Korean poets also show a special preference for a certain poem or a certain sentence of the Tang Dynasty. For example, Zheng Zhichang’s(鄭知常) Datong Jiang(大同江) poem is a poem that was changed and altered from Li Du(李杜), and then formed a magnificent movement in the history of Korean poetics. There are many methods used by Korean poets to replace Tang poems. The more distinctive ones are the “Five-Seven Method(五七法)”, “Reversal Method(翻案法)” and “Set Syntax(集句法)”. These methods have undoubtedly brought many conveniences to the creation of Koreans. However, just as Chinese poets use the method of snatch and exchange, Korean poets are also faced with the problems brought about by snatch and exchange, among which there are two most important issues: one is how to distinguish the relationship between snatch and exchange, stealing, and sympathy, so as to avoid falling into a disadvantageous situation; secondly, after all, replacement is a way of imitating and learning from others. How to find a way of owning in writing is an important issue faced by Korean poets. So in the theory of Duohuan, there are voices of opposition. As early as the Korea period, people like Li Renlao(李仁老), Cui Zi(崔滋), Li Qixian(李齊賢) and others had already raised doubts about this, and in the Li Chao, Xu Juzheng(徐居正), Li Suiguang(李睟光), Liang Qing Yu(梁慶遇) and others have criticized this.