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한어(漢語) 비모음의 언어 보편성과 지역 분포 특징

Language Universals and Patterns of the Geographical Distribution of Nasal Vowels in Chinese Languages

노혜정
중국어문연구회 (Chinese Literary Society)|2023.01|중국어문논총 (Journal of Chinese Language and Literature)|제112호|pp. 161-201|DOI 10.26586/chls.2023..112.006

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참고문헌

키워드

Chinese dialectsWALSGeographical distributionLanguage universalsNasal vowelsNasalized vowelsVowel nasalizationChinese languagesSinitic languages of ChinaThe World Atlas of Language Structures
주제분류중국어와문학

초록

The World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS) reports that nasal vowels do not occur in languages of the Eurasian continent. WALS erroneously analyzes Chinese languages as not having nasal vowels that contrast phonemically with oral vowels and misreports their geographical distribution due to a substantial lack of language data in mainland China and imbalances in the analyzed linguistic data. The purpose of this study is to analyze the language universals and patterns of the geographical distribution of nasal vowels in Chinese languages. In this study, nasal vowels appearing in each region are investigated, the language universals and specifics of nasal vowels appearing in Chinese languages are analyzed, and patterns of the geographical distribution of nasal vowels are identified. Based on previous studies, this study analyzes the typology of nasal vowels appearing in 351 dialects and local varieties of Chinese. Nasal vowels in Chinese languages show both universal and specific features in their inventory size and frequency of occurrence. This study thus demonstrates that most of Eurasia has nasal vowels, and provides data for revising the Chinese part of the nasal-vowel map of WALS, which was left almost entirely blank, to improve the regional coverage of nasal vowels.

Abstract

The World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS) reports that nasal vowels do not occur in languages of the Eurasian continent. WALS erroneously analyzes Chinese languages as not having nasal vowels that contrast phonemically with oral vowels and misreports their geographical distribution due to a substantial lack of language data in mainland China and imbalances in the analyzed linguistic data. The purpose of this study is to analyze the language universals and patterns of the geographical distribution of nasal vowels in Chinese languages. In this study, nasal vowels appearing in each region are investigated, the language universals and specifics of nasal vowels appearing in Chinese languages are analyzed, and patterns of the geographical distribution of nasal vowels are identified. Based on previous studies, this study analyzes the typology of nasal vowels appearing in 351 dialects and local varieties of Chinese. Nasal vowels in Chinese languages show both universal and specific features in their inventory size and frequency of occurrence. This study thus demonstrates that most of Eurasia has nasal vowels, and provides data for revising the Chinese part of the nasal-vowel map of WALS, which was left almost entirely blank, to improve the regional coverage of nasal vowels.

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