청말 미국 견문록에 투영된 근대 문명의 초상— 기술, 제도, 교육, 화교 문제의 다층적 인식
Reflections of Modern Civilization in Late Qing Travelogues on the United States: Multilayered Perceptions of Technology, Institutions, Education, and the Overseas Chinese Question
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This study examines travelogues written by Qing dynasty intellectuals who visited the United States in the late 19th century. Focusing on four key themes—technology and economy, political institutions, education, and the overseas Chinese issue—it explores how these observers interpreted American modernity. Rather than offering uncritical praise, their writings reflect a nuanced understanding of institutional structures, cautious engagement with democracy, and admiration for practical, inclusive education. Their perception of the United States shifted over time, especially as they encountered racial exclusion and anti-Chinese legislation. While the Qing government pursued limited diplomatic responses, these travel accounts reveal the perceived link between national strength and diaspora protection. Ultimately, the travelogues represent not just foreign observation, but a reflective engagement with modernization, filtered through cultural comparison and pragmatic reformist thinking.
Abstract
This study examines travelogues written by Qing dynasty intellectuals who visited the United States in the late 19th century. Focusing on four key themes—technology and economy, political institutions, education, and the overseas Chinese issue—it explores how these observers interpreted American modernity. Rather than offering uncritical praise, their writings reflect a nuanced understanding of institutional structures, cautious engagement with democracy, and admiration for practical, inclusive education. Their perception of the United States shifted over time, especially as they encountered racial exclusion and anti-Chinese legislation. While the Qing government pursued limited diplomatic responses, these travel accounts reveal the perceived link between national strength and diaspora protection. Ultimately, the travelogues represent not just foreign observation, but a reflective engagement with modernization, filtered through cultural comparison and pragmatic reformist thinking.