이야기가 찬양이 되는 법: 『아프로디테 찬가』의 서사 분석
How a Story Becomes a Hymn: An Analysis of the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite
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초록
‘긴’ 『호메로스적 찬가』는 ‘짧은’ 찬가와는 달리 완결된 서사를 통해 신을 기념한다. 신의 특성에 대한 묘사 대신 신을 주인공으로 삼은 이야기가 찬양에 사용되니, 어떤 종류의 서사가 찬양에 적합한지 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 『아프로디테 찬가』는 아프로디테가 제우스의 계획에 휘말려 인간과 동침하는 이야기를 전하기에, 일견 아프로디테를 기념하기보다는 모욕하는 이야기처럼 보인다. 그러나 아프로디테는 이야기 속에서 성적 욕망에 대한 장악력을 보여주며, ‘아프로디테의 일’이 인간에게 줄 수 있는 이로움 또한 이야기의 결말을 통해 분명해진다. 아프로디테가 겪는 심리적 고통 또한 아프로디테를 겨냥한 공격보다는, 성적 욕망이 촉발하는 보편적인 경험의 일부로 이해해야 한다. 『아프로디테 찬가』는 신이 자신의 영역에서 승리를 거두고, 자신의 이로움을 증명하는 이야기를 통해 신을 기념하는 작품이다.
Abstract
Instead of describing the traits of the deity celebrated, the longer Homeric Hymns tell a self-contained narrative starring the god or goddess hymned. It can be asked what kind of narratives are appropriate for a hymn, as it is clear from the longer Hymn to Apollo that not all stories involving a deity will do. At first glance, the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite slights the goddess rather than celebrates her, as Aphrodite is tricked by Zeus into lying with the mortal Anchises. However, the Hymn ultimately demonstrates Aphrodite’s mastery of her realm by narrating a victory in erotic persuasion, and also delineates what exact benefits the “works of Aphrodite” confer upon mortals. Furthermore, the resulting anguish felt by Aphrodite can be explained as not a sign of diminished authority, but a natural consequence of sexual desire. Thus, the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite celebrates the goddess with a full treatment on the workings of sexuality, through highlighting not only its terrible force but also its unique gifts, all the while placing the goddess herself front and center.
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