철학과의 관계에서 본 의학적 합리성의 기원― 고대희랍의학을 중심으로 ―
The Origin of Medical Rationality in Relation to Philosophy
0
조회
0
다운로드
11
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
희랍문명의 가장 큰 특징으로 여겨진다. 물론 희랍문명에 내재한 비합리적 성격에 대한 논의도 많이 이루어지고 있으나 합리성이 희랍정신의 중요한 특성임은 부인할 수 없는 사실이다. 이는 의학에서도 마찬가지로 적용된다. 이 논문에서는 고대희랍의학의 합리성이 표현되는 다양한 방식을 역사적인 과정을 따라 추적해보았다. 먼저 히포크라테스 의학에는 합리성의 다양한 유형들이 혼재되어 나타나는데 이는 전집이 형성된 역사에서 기인한다. 히포크라테스 이후 등장한 다양한 학파들에서 이러한 특징들이 잘 나타나는데 철학적 합리성을 의학에 끌어들인 사변적 합리성은 히포크라테스 시대뿐 아니라 그 이후에도 많은 의학파들이 보인 모습이었다. 이러한 사변적 합리성에 대한 반발로 등장한 것이 경험적 합리성이다. 이를 대표하는 것은 경험의학파로 이들은 이론적 전제나 숨겨진 원인에 대한 지식을 거부하고 경험가능한 지식만을 의학에 받아들였다. 이들의 이러한 태도는 헬레니즘 시대의 회의주의 형성에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 사변성과 경험의 양극단은 갈레노스의 방법적 합리성에 의해 중재된다. 갈레노스는 의학 탐구에서 합리적 방법을 강조함으로써 서양의학을 합리성의 토대 위에 올려 놓을 수 있었다.서 론
Abstract
Although no scholar in classics today dare to claim that ‘rationality’ is the only characteristic of ancient Greek thinking, it is undeniable that ‘rationality’ is still one of the main key words that characterize the ancient Greek thinking. The ancient Greek medicine was also regarded as the field where rationality was expressed in an exemplary way. This paper aims at presenting how different stages of rationality appeared in history from the classical antiquity to late antiquity. The Hippocratic medicine stands out as the model of rational medicine in Western medicine. But it is not easy to single out the type of rationality that the Hippocratic medicine represents since the Hippocratic corpus has been formed over hundreds of years by many different authors with different views on medicine. Speculative as well as empirical characteristics coexist in Hippocratic medicine. However, speculative rationality characterize the medicine after Hippocrates. A lot of medical schools, which was called dogmatists, asserted their own opinions on human physiology and pathology. The famous Alexandrian medical scientists Herophilus and Erasistratus were regarded as the model of speculative rationality in medicine. In reaction to the speculative rationality appeared empirical rationality. The Empirical school denied the validity of speculative knowledge and acknowledged only the knowledge confirmed by experience, which lead the emerging of Scepticism in medicine and philosophy. Finally, Galen attempted to conciliate these two opposing opinions on medicine. Galen adopted a new strategy of stressing rationality in methodology, which prevented him from inclining either speculation or experience alone. His balanced attitude towards medicine had probably made his medicine to last a thousand years to come.
참고문헌 (17)
- 이기백, "고대 헬라스에서 철학과 의학의 관계", 14(1), pp.32~50 (2005)
- Allen, J, "Pyrrhonism and Medical Empiricism: Sextus Empiricus on evidence and inference", 37(1), pp.647~ (1997)
- Barnes, "Galen on logic and therapy Galen's Method of Healing" (1991)
- Dillon J. M, "The Question of Eclecticism Studies in Later Greek Philosophy" (1996), University of California Press
- Edelstein L, "The History of anatomy in Antiquity" (1987), The Johns Hopkins University Press
- Frede M, "Essays in Ancient Philosophy", pp.279~298 (1987), Oxford University Press
- Gremek, M. D, "Le Chaudron de Mde: l'exprimentation sur le vivant dans l'Antiquit" (1997), Institut Synthlabo
- Hankinson R, "A problem in the interpretation of later Greek medical method", pp.~32 (1987)
- "The Sceptics", pp.227~ (1995), Routledge
- Harris C. R. S, "The Heart and Vascular System in Ancient Greek Medicine", pp.4~6 (2001), Clarendon
- Lloyd G, "The Role of medical and biological analogies in Aristotle's ethics", pp.68~83 (1968)
- Lloyd G. E. R, "Theories and practices of demonstration in Galen", pp.274~ (1999), Oxford University Press
- Norton, "Greek Science after Aristotle" (1973)
- "Empiricism and ontology in ancient medicine", pp.~21 (1988)
- Schofield M, "Epilogismos An Appraisal", pp.221~237 (1999), Oxford University Press
- "The discovery of the body human dissection and its cultural contexts in ancient Greece The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 65", pp.223~241 (1992)
- "The discovery of the body human dissection and its cultural contexts in ancient Greece The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 65", pp.223~241 (1992)