The intervention of gods in the punishment of “bad” emperors in the Historia Augusta
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The ancient Roman historians condemned the “bad” emperors in their history. This process is commonly known as Damnatio Memoriae. The instances are most abundant and detailed in the Historia Augusta. This work has been considered as a sort of pagan propaganda because of its criticism against the Christians. But recently, there are some discussions about the author’s religious attitude. Investigating the description of Damnatio Memoriae in the Historia Augusta, I revealed the author’s religious attitude which has been unnoticed. Firstly, the author wrote as if the gods were involved in the condemnation of “bad” emperors. Secondly, the declaration of the “bad” emperor as hostis deorum. These characteristics are hardly found in other histories. Comparing other texts, this paper examines why the author chose this expression, which emphasized the intervention of gods in the death of “bad” emperors, to clarify the character of the author of Historia Augusta.
Abstract
The ancient Roman historians condemned the “bad” emperors in their history. This process is commonly known as Damnatio Memoriae. The instances are most abundant and detailed in the Historia Augusta. This work has been considered as a sort of pagan propaganda because of its criticism against the Christians. But recently, there are some discussions about the author’s religious attitude. Investigating the description of Damnatio Memoriae in the Historia Augusta, I revealed the author’s religious attitude which has been unnoticed. Firstly, the author wrote as if the gods were involved in the condemnation of “bad” emperors. Secondly, the declaration of the “bad” emperor as hostis deorum. These characteristics are hardly found in other histories. Comparing other texts, this paper examines why the author chose this expression, which emphasized the intervention of gods in the death of “bad” emperors, to clarify the character of the author of Historia Augusta.
참고문헌 (38)
- L. Homo, "Les documents de l'Histoire Auguste et leur valeur historique", Revue Historique, 151(1), pp.162~198 (1926)
- A. Birley, "Lives of the Later Caesars", pp.13~16 (1976)
- H. Dessau, "Über Zeit und Persönlichkeït der Scriptores historiae Augustae", Hermes, 24, pp.337~392 (1889)
- Cf. R. Syme, "Propaganda in the Historia Augusta", Latomus, 37, pp.173~192 (1978)
- M. Thomson, "Studies in the Historia Augusta", pp.20~53 (2012)
- A. Alföldy, "A Conflict of Ideas in the Late Roman Empire: The clash between the Senate and Valentinian I", pp.101~102 (1952)
- A. Momigliano, "Pagan and Christian Historiography in the Fourth Century A.D, In The Conflict Between Paganism and Christianity in the Fourth Century", pp.79~99 (1963)
- A. Stertz, "Christianity in the Historia Augusta", Latomus, 36, pp.694~715 (1977)
- A. Cameron, "The Last Pagans of Rome", pp.777~778 (2010), Oxford
- E. R. Varner, "Mutilation and Transformation: damnatio memoriae and roman imperial portraiture" (2004)
- H. I. Flower, "The art of forgetting: disgrace & oblivion in Roman political culture" (2006)
- C. W. J. Hedrick, "History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity" (2000)
- M. Bats, "Mort violente et damnatio memoriae sous les Sévères dans les sources littéraires", Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz, 14, pp.281~298 (2003)
- R. Delmaire, "La damnatio memoriae au Bas- Empire à travers les textes, la législation et les inscriptions", Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz, 14, pp.299~310 (2003)
- F. Krüpe, "Die Damnatio memoriae. Über die Vernichtung von Erinnerung", pp.198~211 (2011), Eine Fallstudie zu Publius Septimius Geta
- G. Bonamente, "Il Canone dei Divi e la Historia Augusta", Historiae Augustae Colloquium Parisinum, pp.59~82 (1991)
- G. Bonamente, "Optimi Principes: Divinell’Historia Augusta", Historiae Augustae Colloquium Genevense, pp.189~195 (2010)
- A. Timonen, "The Historia Augusta: Two Faces of Violence -A Study on the Death of Emperors in Biography", Eos, 81, pp.83~92 (1993)
- J. R. Aja Sánchez, "Imprecaciones senatoriales contra Commodo en la ‘Historia Augusta’", Polis: revista de ideas y formas políticas de la Antigüedad clásica, 5, pp.15~18 (1993)
- A, Molinier-Arbo, "Les Documents d’Archives dans la Vita Commodi: degré zéro de l'histoire ou fiction", Dialogues d’histoire ancienne, 4, pp.87~112 (2010)
- "About the Damnatio Memoriae against Domitian, In Cf. Flower, Art of Forgetting", pp.234~275 (2006)
- Martin, A., "La Condamnation de la Mémoire de Domitien: état de la question, In Mémoire et Histoire: Les procédure de condamnation dans l’Antiquité romaine", pp.231~240 (2007)
- J. G. Fitch, "Seneca IX Tragedies II", pp.503~514 (2004)
- H. W. Bird, "Eutropius: Breviarium", pp.xii~xiv (1993)
- Tertullian, "Ad nationes. 2.9", ~
- Cyprianus Carthaginensis, "De dominica oratione. 31", ~
- Lactantius, "De Mor. Per., 4. 3", ~
- Firmicus Maternus, "De errore profanarum religionum. 13.4", ~
- Lucifer Calaritanus, "De non conueniendo cum haereticis. 4", ~
- Filastrius Brixiensis, "Diuersarum hereseon liber. 125", ~
- Ambrosius Mediolanensis, "Expositio psalmi cxviii. 18.12", ~
- Origenes sec, "transl. Rufini, Homilia in librum Regum I. 5", ~
- Petrus Chrysologus, "Collectio sermonum. 24A. 99", ~
- Augustinus Hipponensis, "De baptismo. 4.13.29: 7.16.30", ~
- Iohannes Cassianus, "De incarnatione Domini contra Nestorium. 7.8", ~
- Hieronymus, "Commentarius in Ecclesiasten. 12", ~
- T. D. Barnes, "The Historia Augusta and Christian Hagiography", Historiae Augustae Colloquium Genevense, pp.33~41 (1999)
- A. R. Birley, "The Historia Augusta and Pagan Historiography, In Greek and Roman Historiography in Late Antiquity. Fourth to Sixth CenturyA.D", pp.127~149 (2003)