소눌 노상직의 서당교육과 서당교육자료 -부산대학교도서관 소장 소눌문고를 중심으로-

Abstract

While living in Jaamchoryeo (Jaam village school) since March 1899 (3rd year of Gwangmu, aged 45) when he started to lecture at the village school, Noh Sang Jik (盧相稷) assigned one of his students as a secretary to record the daily life and schooling of all the students as well as Noh Sang Jik himself. In addition, he designated Sanggap day in March and September (spring and fall) every year as the day of retrospect so that not only students at the village school but also former students who left the school and went back home were gathered together to examine their learning and behaviors through the large-scale conference. Noh Sang Jik also had all these contents recorded. According to Jaamilrok in existence, Seodangilrok (Village School Diary) kept by the school’s secretary was divided into volumes each of which included the record of 1 month respectively. From March 1899 (3rd year of Gwangmu, aged 45) when it started to be written to January 1931 (aged 77) when Noh Sang Jik died except 5 to 6 years during which it was difficult to lecture at the school full-time, it is estimated that 320 volumes for 320 months including leap months were written during the 26 years in total. The lecture record entitled Ganghwesidogi (講會時到記) was estimated to be about 52 volumes since lectures were held regularly twice a year in spring and fall and the record was divided by each lecture. Seodangilrok (school diary) of Noh Sang Jik currently in existence includes 19 volumes (19 months) of 5 books among translations of Jaamilrok and Seodangilrok (School Diary) during the period of lecturing at Jaamchoryeo (Jaam school) as well as 86 volumes of 22 books including Jaamilrok, Jaam Diary, Jaam School Diary, Bangjae Diary, Bangjaeilrok, Sanamilrok, Sanamseojang Diary, etc. these Sonul Books are at Busan National University Library. Seodangilrok (School Diary) and Jaamilrok written during the lecturing at Jaamchoryeo (Jaam School) are 19 volumes in total for 19 months, less than 2 years, and the total period from the beginning to the end is 3 years. If this book itself is called “one of the largest educational anthropologist reports of village schools,” Seodangilrok (School Diary) of Noh Sang Jik which is more than 4 times larger than that as it consists of 105 volumes for 105 months in total including 86 volumes for 86 months, can be regarded as Korea’s only and indeed largest educational anthropologist material (report) about village schools. However, Seodangilrok (School Diary) is not the only documentary material about Noh Sang Jik’s village school education. Sonul Books also include ‘Seodanghakgyu Hunmongcheop,’ ‘Ganghwesidogi and Donggangrok,’ ‘Jaam Village School Ledger,’ etc. ‘Seodanghakgyu Hunmongcheop’ was compiled with ‘Guekgijehunmongcheoche’ while he lectured at Geukgijae in 1888 (25th year of King Gojong, aged 34). Thereafter, this was used in lectures continually at such village schools as Geumsanseodang, Jaamchoryeo (Jaam School), Jaamseodang, Sanamseojang (Bangjae), etc. Ganghwesidogi is a combination of ‘Gangwhesidogi’ which was a register of students participating in lectures on Sanggap days in March and September (spring and fall) every year since March 1899 (3rd year of Gwangmu, aged 45) and Ganghwesicheop which is a collection of poems written during that period of time. 17 of them including Sidogi, Gangwhesidogi, Jaamseodangsidogi, Jaamseodang-gangwhesidogi, and Jaamseodangnakseongsidogi still exist as part of Sonul Books. Donggangrok is a register [Dongganggyecheop] of students who studied at village schools of Noh Sang Jik such as Jaamchoryeo (Jaam School), Jaamseodang, Sanamseojang (Bangjae), etc. 20 books such as Jaamgyecheop, 「Geumsanseodangdonggorok」, 「Jaamseodangchunhadonggangrok」, 「Jaamseodangchudongdonggangrok」, 「Bangjaedonggangrok」, etc. have been preserved as part of Sonul Books. In addition, Sonul Books in existence also include Jaam School’s ledger entitled Jungganggyemyeong-jeonbongsangchaek, Jaamjunggang Ledger, etc. While there are such a tremendous amount of village school education materials of Noh Sang Jik in existence, there has been little research on Noh Sang Jik and his village school education. One major reason is the lack of understanding on such materials. Besides, while modern studies were widely distributed in an effort to save the country through education and fighting for its independence in the drastic transition to modern times and in the period of Japanese colonial rule, Confucianism as the old study was being daunted. Against this background, village school education could have been used as a means to preserve the studies handed down, protect the country through education, and educate talented persons resisting the reality under Japanese’ colonial rule. In that case, his works would be regarded as more significant than mere village school education. In consideration of the times, therefore, a macroscopic approach is necessary. The future study of Noh Sang Jik needs to examine such a vast amount of village school education materials in view of his efforts into village school education in the drastic transition to modern times and in the period of Japanese colonial rule, and it needs to be sought to establish his study as ‘Sonul study’ or ‘Jaam Study.’ As area studies (Gyeongnam Confucianism) are hardly conducted in the current academic world in reality, it is expected that such research on Noh Sang Jik will open a new road to broaden the field of research.