지역정치가 경제활동의 세계화에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구
A Study on the Impacts of Local Politics on Economic Globalization
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본 논문은 세계화에 대한 다규모적 관점을 바탕으로 자유화나 세계화의 과정이 어떻게 서로 상이한 지리적 규모에서 활동하는 행위자들과 세력들 사이의 복잡하 고 다양한 상호작용을 통해 형성되는지 논하고자 한다. 특히, 국가와 지역적 차원 에서 활동하는 힘들 사이의 상호작용과 이러한 상호작용이 국가가 초국경적 자본 과 투자의 흐름을 조절하는 방식에 영향을 미치는 두 가지 메커니즘에 대해 설명 하고 개념화하려 한다. 첫번째 메커니즘은 국가-지역 간의 갈등이 국가의 자유화 정책에 영향을 미치는 방식인데, 본 논문은 2000년대 초반 한국 자동차 산업이 경험한 자유화와 세계화의 과정에 대한 분석을 통해, 국가적 규모와 지역적 규모 에서 각기 다르게 형성된 장소의존적 세력들 사이의 정치적 충돌이 초국경적 자 본흐름에 대한 국가의 규제에 대한 자유화를 촉진할 수 있다고 주장한다. 두번째 메커니즘은 “규모 뛰어넘기”의 정치적 과정을 통해 국가와 지역 간의 상호작용이 발생하고 이것이 국가의 자유화 정책에 영향을 미치는 방식인데, 본 논문은 “제 주국제자유도시” 프로젝트가 형성되는 정치적 과정에 대한 분석을 통해, 특정의 지리적 규모에서 활동하는 행위자들은 자신들이 원하는 특정의 조절 프로젝트를 추진하기 위해 다른 지리적 규모에서 존재하는 힘과 자원을 동원하려 할 수 있 고, 이러한 규모를 가로지르는 권력 동원의 과정을 통해 “공간 선택적 자유화” 정책이 생겨날 수 있음을 주장한다.
Abstract
On the basis of a multi-scalar view on globalization, this paper examines how the processes of liberalization and globalization can be constititued out of complex interactions among actors and forces operating at various geographical scales. In particular, it aims to conceptualize two possible mechanisms through which the interactions between the state and local forces can influence the ways in which the nation state regulates trans-border flows of capital and investment. First, this paper attempts to conceptualize a mechanism through which inter-scalar tensions between the nation state and local actors can give impacts on the state’s policies on liberalization. More specifically, with an empirical case study on the globalization and liberalization of the Korean automobile industry in the early 2000s, it shows how political contestation between territorial alliances of forces constructed at the national scale and those at the local scale can facilitate liberalization of the state regulations on transnational flows of capital. Second, this paper pays attention to the ways in which the forces at different geographical scales can interact with others through the politics of “jumping-scale”. More specifically, by looking at the political processes taking place with respect to the construction of the Jeju International Free City project in South Korea, it suggests that agents operating at a certain scale may try to mobilize the sources of power at different geographical scales in order to win in the power struggles that can happen with respect to their place-based regulatory projects and such cross-scalar mobilization of power can facilitate the development of “spatially selective liberalization” policies.
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