타자들의 공동체: 타자들로 구성된 공동체의 가능성
Community of Strangers: Exploring the Possibility of Communities of Strangers
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본 연구는 공동체, 초국가적 도시화 그리고 세계화와의 관계 속에서 이방인 혹은 타자성의 의미에 대해 살펴보는 학제 간 연구를 추구한다. 그동안 공동체에 관한 연구들은 공동체를 정의함에 있어 단일한 정체성이나 동일성에 기반하여 공간적·문화적 경계를 가진 하나의 실체로 정의해 왔다. 특히 이러한 정의 방식들을 에스닉 공동체에 적용했을 때 이는 특정 종족성에 대한 위계적 질서에 기반하여 주류 사회의 주체로서의 다수와 ‘이방인’으로서의 특정 종족 간의 구분을 내재화하게 된다. 아이리스 매리언 영과 같은 정치학자는 차이를 부정하거나 배제하는 이러한 공동체의 이상에 대해 비판하기도 한다. 그러나 공동체의 개념을 거부하기보다는 공동체에 대한 기획을 거부하는 방식으로서 이 연구는 “타자들의 공동체”를 제안한다. 이러한 시각은 철학자 장-뤽 낭시의 “무위의 공동체” 개념에 기대어 정치적 기획으로서의 공동체가 아닌 인간 존재로서 죽음과 같은 존재론적 한계를 공유하고 있는 인간에게 도래하는 것으로서의 공동체를 의미한다. 이러한 타자들의 공동체는 주체와 타자 간의 이분법에 의한 위계구조를 해체할 수 있는 이상적 가능성을 제공할 것이다.
Abstract
I situate my project within critical and interdisciplinary frameworks of cultural politics of strangers and otherness that approach the relationship between community, transnational urbanism, and globalization. Much of the existing literature on communities assume that a community shares a singular identity and delineates its spatial and cultural boundaries accordingly. This way of representation of ethnic communities, however, only results in naturalizing ethnic communities and clear distinction about who is the host group and who are ‘strangers.’ Like Young (1990) who asserts the politics of difference, the ideal of community is dismissed because it denies and represses any kinds of social differences. However, rather than dismissing the notion of community, this research suggests a “community of strangers” as a new perspective of the community. This perspective depends on the philosophical discussion surrounding the “inoperative community” (Nancy, 1991), which means that, rather than as a goal to be accomplished, a community just exists by sharing infinitudes of human beings, specifical contemporaneity in terms of spatial and temporal limits. The notion of a community of strangers, while deconstructing the traditional meaning attached to the community, aims to show that people with heterogeneous backgrounds, who are strangers to each other, can belong to a community without having to share sameness.
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