일상의 스마트 도시:보편화된 디지털 세계로서 스마트 도시 다시 보기
A mundane smart city: Re-cognizing the smart city as a pervasively digitalized world
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스마트 도시에 대한 담론은 데이터 기술을 활용하여 도시문제를 해결한다는 기능주의적비전과 그것의 기술 중심적 의도에 대한 비판 논의가 주를 이루어왔다. 이러한 담론들과 무관하게 여러 도시에서 스마트 도시 실험이 진행되어 왔으며, 다른 한편에서는 데이터 기술이 우리 일상 대부분의 사물에 급속히 스며들어 도시적 삶에서 근원적인 것이 되어가고 있다. 이 글은 향후 도시에서 ‘디지털 기술’이 분리될 수 없다는 인식을 바탕으로, 스마트 도시를 이데올로기적 담론이 그려내는 상상물로서 비판하는 것을 넘어 디지털 세계의 도시적 실천으로서 인식할 것과 그것의 구체적 형식을 분석할 필요가 있다는 점을 주장한다. 이를 위해 먼저 스마트 도시 비판 담론의 사각지대와 규범적 접근의 한계를 지적한다. 다음은 스마트 도시가 기술·사회·공간의 통합을 추구하면서 데이터 기술과 함께 도시성 자체가 동시에새롭게 구성되는 메커니즘을, 주체와 사회적 상호작용의 영역에서 관련 논의와 사례를 들어 살펴본다. 이어서 스마트 도시와 같은 ‘깊은 정보화’ 도시에서 공공성이 처하게 될 딜레마를 살펴보고 새로운 공공성의 개념이 필요하다는 점을 설명한다. 마지막으로는 기술·도시 결합물의 양식으로서 사물과 공간의 알고리즘이 갖는 중요성을 강조하고, 그 알고리즘분석을 스마트 도시 현상을 분석하는 비판적 방법론의 하나로서 제안한다.
Abstract
The discourse on smart cities has been dominated by a functionalist vision of leveraging data technology to solve urban problems, and critiques of its technocratic intentions. Regardless of this discourse, smart city experiments have been conducted in several cities, and on the other hand, data technologies are rapidly permeating things in our daily lives and becoming a fundamental part of urban life. Based on the recognition of the inseparability of ‘digital technologies’ in future cities, this article argues that we need to go beyond critiquing smart cities as imaginaries drawn from ideological discourses to recognize them as urban practices in the digital world and analyze their concrete mode. To this end, I first point out the blind spots in the critical discourse on smart cities and the limitations of normative approaches. Next, the mechanisms, by which urbanity itself is simultaneously reconfigured alongside the data technologies for smart cities that integrates technology society and space is examined from the view point of subjectivity and social interaction with relevant discussions and examples. It then explores the dilemma of publicness in the “deeply digitalized” urban like smart cities, and argues that a new concept of publicness is needed. Lastly, I emphasizes the importance of the design of things and spaces as a modality of the technology-urban nexus and propose that the analysis of the design can become one of the critical methodologies for addressing the smart city phenomenon.
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