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Uncertainty Analysis of SWAT Model using Monte Carlo Technique and Ensemble Flow Simulations

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주제분류농학

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Abstract

수학적 모델은 수량과 수질의 예측을 위해 현장 조사의 대안으로 사용되어지며 이러한 모델의 사용과 실측에 불확실성이 존 재하게 된다. 불확실성에 대한 많은 연구들이 진행되어 왔으나 시나리오에 의한 모델링 과정에서 발생하는 불확실성에 대한 연 구는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 산림이 농경지와 목초지로의 변화에 따른 시나리오를 설계한 후 시나리오 적용에 따른 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 매개변수의 불확실성을 분석하고자 하였다. 몬테카를로 기법(Monte Carlo simulation)을 이용하여 각 매개변수별 1,000개의 난수를 발생하였으며 앙상블 유량모의 기법을 이용하여 미국 Alabama주 카하바강 상류 (50,967ha)를 대상으로 각 난수별 100개의 유량을 통해 불확실성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 산림지역이 농경지와 목초지로 변화 되었을 때 유출량이 증가하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 임야가 목초지 보다 농경지로 변화되었을 때 유출량은 더욱 증가하는 것으 로 나타났다. 각 시나리오별 SWAT 매개변수의 불확실성은 AWC(Available water capacity), CN(Curve number), GWREVAP (groundwater re-evaporation coeffeicient), REVAPMN(minimum depth of water in shallow aquifer for re-evaporation to occur)순으로 크게 나타났으며, Ksat(Saturated hydraulic conductivity)와 ESCO(Soil evaporation compensation factor)는 유출량의 변화에 큰 영향 을 미치지 못하는 것으로 분석되었다. 토지피복별 산림 면적이 클 경우 불확실성이 크게 나타나 산림이 목초지와 농경지로 변 함에 따라 불확실성은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

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