『비밀의 정원』에 드러난 타자로서의 메리/인도
Mary/India as Other in The Secret Garden
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초록
The purpose of this paper is to observe otherness of Mary and India in Frances Hodgson Burnett’s The Secret Garden. Burnett shows that Mary and Colin, the leading characters in this text, overcome their mental and physical problems by power of nature. Through the nurturing of the secret garden which has been cast away for more than 10 years, they find out potential power for healing beneath the earth and their minds. Literature written for children has the hidden desire to make children obedient. One of the main themes in children's literature is about description and construction of the familiar things to both children and adults. But the representation of familiarity cannot avoid building division between “us” and “other,” as Colin/England and Mary/India in this text. India where Mary was born and raised is considered as uncivilized of cursed people. India becomes a marginalized background of England. Indians including Mary’s Ajah and servants are undervalued and the weather in India is defined as intolerable. Indians are just objects to be taught and revised. Mary, too, becomes objects to be educated. Mary is unattractive, rude and violent in India because she has been neglected by her parents. To be feminine and English, she has to learn rules and manners which are different from those in India. Growing up in England means learning how to obey and accept hierarchical order. In the end of the text, India, Mary and Dickon disappear like shadows laying down behind the main stream of story structure and history. Only Colin gets his health and power as a successful heir in Misselthwaite.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to observe otherness of Mary and India in Frances Hodgson Burnett’s The Secret Garden. Burnett shows that Mary and Colin, the leading characters in this text, overcome their mental and physical problems by power of nature. Through the nurturing of the secret garden which has been cast away for more than 10 years, they find out potential power for healing beneath the earth and their minds. Literature written for children has the hidden desire to make children obedient. One of the main themes in children's literature is about description and construction of the familiar things to both children and adults. But the representation of familiarity cannot avoid building division between “us” and “other,” as Colin/England and Mary/India in this text. India where Mary was born and raised is considered as uncivilized of cursed people. India becomes a marginalized background of England. Indians including Mary’s Ajah and servants are undervalued and the weather in India is defined as intolerable. Indians are just objects to be taught and revised. Mary, too, becomes objects to be educated. Mary is unattractive, rude and violent in India because she has been neglected by her parents. To be feminine and English, she has to learn rules and manners which are different from those in India. Growing up in England means learning how to obey and accept hierarchical order. In the end of the text, India, Mary and Dickon disappear like shadows laying down behind the main stream of story structure and history. Only Colin gets his health and power as a successful heir in Misselthwaite.
참고문헌 (14)
- 스탠리 월퍼트, "인디아, 그 역사와 문화" (1999), 가람기획
- Burnett, "A Little Princess" (2001), Aladdin
- Burnett, "The Secret Garden" (1999), Penguin
- Foster, "Frances Hodgson Burnett: The Secret Garden", Gerzina, pp.324~341
- Gerzina, "The Secret Garden: Authoritative Text Backgrounds and Contexts Burnett in the Press Criticism" (2006), Norton
- Gruner, "Cinderella, Marie Antoinette, and Sara: Roles and Role Models in A Little Princess", The Lion and the Unicorn 22, pp.163~187 (1998)
- Nodelman, "The Other: Orientalism, Colonialism, and Children’s Literature", Children’s Literature Association Quarterly 17, pp.29~35 (1992)
- Paul, "Enigma Variations: What Feminist Theory Knows About Children’s Literature", Signal 54, pp.186~202 (1989)
- Phillips, Jerry, "The Mem Sahib, the Worthy, the Rajah and His Minions: Some Reflections on the Class Politics of The Secret Garden", Gerzina, pp.342~366
- Said, Edward, "Culture and Imperialism" (1993), Vintage
- Said, Edward, "Orientalism" (1979), Vintage
- Silver, Anna Krugovoy, "Domesticating Bronte’s Moors: Motherhood in The Secret Garden", The Lion and the Unicorn 21, pp.193~203 (1997)
- Webb, Jean, "Romanticism vs. Empire in The Secret Garden in Introducing Children’s Literature: From Romanticism to Postmodernism", pp.91~97 (2002), Routledge
- Wilkie, Christine, "Digging up The Secret Garden: Noble Innocents or Little Savage?", Gerzina, pp.314~324