밀의 질소 이용 효율(NUE) 향상을 위한 최신 연구 동향
Recent Advances in Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) Research in Wheat
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Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is essential for sustainable wheat production,given the global demand for high-yielding and environmentally resilient cropvarieties. NUE is a complex trait governed by multiple genetic, physiological, and environmentalfactors. This review synthesizes recent advances in the genetic dissection of NUEin wheat, focusing on quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, genome-wide associationstudies (GWAS), and transcriptome analyses. Furthermore, novel approaches such as proteinturnover quantification, epigenetic regulation, NIR-based quality prediction, and genomicselection optimization are discussed as emerging strategies to enhance NUE. Keygenes identified include nitrate transporters (NRT1, NRT2), nitrogen assimilation enzymes(GS, GOGAT), transcription factors (NLPs, WRKYs, NACs), and signal transduction components(SnRK, CIPK). Integrative studies combining genomics, transcriptomics, and machinelearning offer new insights into the dynamic regulation of NUE. This review highlightsthe importance of multi-layered breeding approaches and provides valuable geneticresources and methodological frameworks for future wheat NUE improvement programs.
Abstract
Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is essential for sustainable wheat production,given the global demand for high-yielding and environmentally resilient cropvarieties. NUE is a complex trait governed by multiple genetic, physiological, and environmentalfactors. This review synthesizes recent advances in the genetic dissection of NUEin wheat, focusing on quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, genome-wide associationstudies (GWAS), and transcriptome analyses. Furthermore, novel approaches such as proteinturnover quantification, epigenetic regulation, NIR-based quality prediction, and genomicselection optimization are discussed as emerging strategies to enhance NUE. Keygenes identified include nitrate transporters (NRT1, NRT2), nitrogen assimilation enzymes(GS, GOGAT), transcription factors (NLPs, WRKYs, NACs), and signal transduction components(SnRK, CIPK). Integrative studies combining genomics, transcriptomics, and machinelearning offer new insights into the dynamic regulation of NUE. This review highlightsthe importance of multi-layered breeding approaches and provides valuable geneticresources and methodological frameworks for future wheat NUE improvement programs.