민주화 이후의 정치제도: 원내정당화를 중심으로
Political Institutions in Post-Democratization Korea: Parliamentary Party Perspective
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초록
본 논문의 목적은 대통령제 정부형태를 포함한 우리 정치현실을 감안하여 작동 가능한 정치제도를 모색하는 데 있다. 우리의 민주주의가 공고화되는 데 있어 중요한 정치제도들 중에서 특히 정당과 의회의 바람직한 형태 및 운영방식과 관련하여 본 논문의 초점은 정당의 원내조직 및 의원들의 자율성과 정책역량의 강화를 중시하는 원내정당화에 맞추어져 있다. 본 논문에서 다루고 있는 주요 문제들은 정당과 의회를 둘러싸고 있는 제반 환경적인 요인과 민주국가 정당들의 일반적인 변화 추세 등을 고려하여, 첫째 원내정당화의 주요 내용은 무엇이며 왜 우리 정당과 의회가 원내정당을 중심으로 운영되는 것이 바람직한지, 둘째 원내정당과 맞물려 논의되고 있는 대중정당이 우리의 정치환경에 비추어 볼 때 적실성이 있는 것인지, 셋째 논란이 되고 있는 정당의 책임성 문제와 관련하여 원내정당에 있어 정당의 책임성은 어떠한 방식으로 확보될 수 있는지 등이다.
Abstract
For a consolidated democracy it is important to have workable political institutions playing their expected role properly, which are lacking in Korean democracy. This article aims to explore desirable models of political party and parliament which are workable and compatible with Korean presidential system. A party model for a parliament as transformative rather than arena legislature, that is, a parliamentary party model is put forward in this article, considering rapidly changing party environment and general trends of party politics in advanced democracies. Key questions addressed in this article include: what are major features of parliamentary party, how different parliamentary party is from traditional mass party, and how the responsibility of political party can be secured in the case of parliamentary party. This article maintains that the productivity of parliament under Korean presidential system can be raised through the implementation of parliamentary party model emphasizing autonomy of legislators. This study also suggests that the responsiveness of political party is as important as party responsibility and parliamentary party can contribute to enhancing party responsiveness through facilitating extended communication with party voters as well as party members.
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