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제조업 분야 이주노동자의 Housing Pathways 연구 - 충북 ○○산업단지 사례를 중심으로 -

Migrant Workers’ Housing Pathways: A Case Study of an Industrial Complex in Eumseong County, Chungbuk

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본 연구는 제조업이 급성장하는 도농복합지역인 충북 음성군의 산업단지에 대한 사례연구를 통해 해당 지역의 이주노동자가 역동적인 주거생태계에 적응하면서 자신이 원하는 주거환경을 찾아가는 경로를 시간의 경과를 기준으로 분석하여주거 이동의 경향을 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 능동성에 중점을 둔 housing pathways를 적용하여 이주노동자의 주거 이동 경로를 주택품질, 주거비, 주거안정성 측면에 따라 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 체류 기간의 경과에 따른 자본력 및 네트워크의 축적을 기반으로 능동성의 발휘 여부에 따라 이주노동자의 housing pathways 는 이주 전기와 후기로 나눌 수 있다. 지역 주택생태계에서 이주노동자에게 주거를제공하는 고용주, 인력업체, 민간임대시장의 역할과 이주노동자의 주거 환경은 이시기별 구분에 따라 변화한다. 고용주, 인력업체가 주로 주택을 제공하는 전기에이주노동자는 주택 품질이 전반적으로 열악한 주거시설에서 경우에 따라 높은 주거비를 감수하면서 거주한다. 그러나 후기로 갈수록 이주노동자는 민간임대시장에서 자체적으로 주택을 임대하여 주택 품질 및 주거비 부담이 개선된 주택에 거주하며 주거비에 대한 고려보다는 주거환경 선호도를 반영하여 이동하였다. 이주노동자 가운데서도 등록 이주노동자가 미등록 이주노동자에 비해 이동 경로를 포함한 주거환경의 각 영역에서 더 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 제조업 분야 이주노동자의 주거환경에 대한 시론적 연구로서 학문적 의의를 지닌다.

Abstract

Literature on migrant workers’ housing is emerging, but there is a lack of research on housing conditions and dynamics in industries other than agriculture. This study investigates the changes of migrant workers’ housing conditions in the manufacturing sector. To this end, migrant workers working in an industrial complex in Eumseong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, which has the highest number of foreigners per thousand residents as of September 2023, were selected to analyze their residential migration routes along with changes in housing quality, housing costs, and housing security. In this process, we utilized migrant workers’ ‘agency’-centered ‘housing pathways’ as a framework. The housing pathways of migrant workers can be divided into pre-migration and post-migration periods depending on the agency. The roles of employers, staffing agencies, and the private rental market in providing housing for migrant workers in the local housing ecosystem, as well as the housing conditions of migrant workers, change according to these periods. In the former period, when employers and staffing agencies mainly provide housing, migrant workers live in housing facilities with generally poor housing quality and sometimes high housing costs, but in the latter period, migrant workers rent their housing on their own in the private rental market and live in housing with improved housing quality and housing cost burden, which tends to reflect their preferences for housing environment rather than consideration of housing cost. Housing stability is directly affected by employment status. However, registered migrant workers were better off than undocumented migrant workers in all aspects of housing conditions. This study, which has academic significance as an exploratory study of the housing conditions of migrant workers in the manufacturing sector, concludes with policy implications.

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