Evaluation of Macular and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus without Retinopathy
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Purpose: There are limited data from Asian countries regarding retinal thickness in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM). This study aimed to compare the macular and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) parameters between diabetic childrenwithout retinopathy and non-diabetic healthy children. We also evaluated the factors associated with RNFL thickness in childrenwith T1DM. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among children with T1DM and healthy children aged 7 to17 years old in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from 2017 to 2019. Children with retinal disease or glaucoma were excluded. Macular and RNFL thicknesses were measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Demographic information,duration of diabetes, blood pressure, body mass index, visual acuity, and retinal examination findings were documented. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels, renal function, and blood lipid levels were also collected. Results: Forty-one children with T1DM and 80 age- and sex-matched children were enrolled. Both sexes were affected. Meanduration of diabetes mellitus was 3.66 years. The mean glycated hemoglobin levels in the T1DM group was 9.99%. The meanmacular and RNFL thicknesses in children with T1DM were 277.56 (15.82) μm and 98.85 (12.05) μm, respectively. Childrenwith T1DM had a significantly thinner average macula, superior outer macula, nasal outer macula, mean RNFL, and inferiorRNFL thickness compared to controls (p < 0.05). There was a significant association between nephropathy and the mean RNFLthickness. Conclusions: Children with T1DM had significantly decreased mean macular and RNFL thicknesses. Nephropathy is associatedwith an increased RNFL thickness.
Abstract
Purpose: There are limited data from Asian countries regarding retinal thickness in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM). This study aimed to compare the macular and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) parameters between diabetic childrenwithout retinopathy and non-diabetic healthy children. We also evaluated the factors associated with RNFL thickness in childrenwith T1DM. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among children with T1DM and healthy children aged 7 to17 years old in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from 2017 to 2019. Children with retinal disease or glaucoma were excluded. Macular and RNFL thicknesses were measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Demographic information,duration of diabetes, blood pressure, body mass index, visual acuity, and retinal examination findings were documented. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels, renal function, and blood lipid levels were also collected. Results: Forty-one children with T1DM and 80 age- and sex-matched children were enrolled. Both sexes were affected. Meanduration of diabetes mellitus was 3.66 years. The mean glycated hemoglobin levels in the T1DM group was 9.99%. The meanmacular and RNFL thicknesses in children with T1DM were 277.56 (15.82) μm and 98.85 (12.05) μm, respectively. Childrenwith T1DM had a significantly thinner average macula, superior outer macula, nasal outer macula, mean RNFL, and inferiorRNFL thickness compared to controls (p < 0.05). There was a significant association between nephropathy and the mean RNFLthickness. Conclusions: Children with T1DM had significantly decreased mean macular and RNFL thicknesses. Nephropathy is associatedwith an increased RNFL thickness.
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