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MicroRNA and Their Potential Role in Conjunctival Disorders

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the small noncoding RNA molecules which regulate target gene expression posttranscriptionally. They are known to regulate key cellular processes like inflammation, cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and cell apoptosisacross various ocular diseases. Due to their easier access, recent focus has been laid on the investigation of miRNA expressionand their involvement in several conjunctival diseases. The aim of this narrative review is to provide understanding of themiRNAs and describe the current role of miRNAs as the mediators of the various conjunctival diseases. A literature searchwas made using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies involving miRNAs in the conjunctival pathologicalconditions. Original articles in the last 10 years involving both human and animal models were included. Literature search retrieved27 studies matching our criteria. Pertaining to the numerous literatures, there is a strong correlation between miRNAand the various pathological conditions that occur in the conjunctiva. miRNAs are involved in various physiological processessuch as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, development, and inflammation by regulating various signaling pathways,genes, proteins, and mediators. Pterygium was the most studied conjunctival disease for miRNA involvement, whereas miRNAresearch in allergic conjunctivitis is still in its early stages. Our review provides deep insights into the various miRNAs playingan important role in the various conjunctival diseases. miRNAs do have the potential to serve as noninvasive biomarkerswith diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. However, multitudinous studies are required to validate miRNAs asthe reliable biomarkers in conjunctival pathologies and its targeted therapy.

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the small noncoding RNA molecules which regulate target gene expression posttranscriptionally. They are known to regulate key cellular processes like inflammation, cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and cell apoptosisacross various ocular diseases. Due to their easier access, recent focus has been laid on the investigation of miRNA expressionand their involvement in several conjunctival diseases. The aim of this narrative review is to provide understanding of themiRNAs and describe the current role of miRNAs as the mediators of the various conjunctival diseases. A literature searchwas made using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies involving miRNAs in the conjunctival pathologicalconditions. Original articles in the last 10 years involving both human and animal models were included. Literature search retrieved27 studies matching our criteria. Pertaining to the numerous literatures, there is a strong correlation between miRNAand the various pathological conditions that occur in the conjunctiva. miRNAs are involved in various physiological processessuch as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, development, and inflammation by regulating various signaling pathways,genes, proteins, and mediators. Pterygium was the most studied conjunctival disease for miRNA involvement, whereas miRNAresearch in allergic conjunctivitis is still in its early stages. Our review provides deep insights into the various miRNAs playingan important role in the various conjunctival diseases. miRNAs do have the potential to serve as noninvasive biomarkerswith diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. However, multitudinous studies are required to validate miRNAs asthe reliable biomarkers in conjunctival pathologies and its targeted therapy.

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