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에너지개발기술에 있어 유체주입에 따른 유발지진 발생 사례분석

Case Study on Induced Seismicity during the Injection of Fluid Related to Energy Development Technologies

김광일|민기복|이정인
한국암반공학회 (Korean Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering)|2014.12|터널과 지하공간 (TUNNEL AND UNDERGROUND SPACE)|제24권 제6호|pp. 418-429

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참고문헌

키워드

지열에너지Geothermal energy수압파쇄Hydraulic fracturingInduced seismicity유발지진유체주입 또는 배출셰일가스 회수이산화탄소 지하저장Fluid injection or withdrawalShale gas recoveryCarbon capture and storage
주제분류자원공학

초록

지열에너지, 원유회수증진을 포함한 석유/가스개발, 셰일가스 개발과 이산화탄소 지하저장(CCS)의 네가지 에너지개발기술에서 시추공 유체주입 및 배출과정에서 발생하는 유발지진에 관하여 문헌조사를 통하여사례를 분석 하였다. 기술문헌에 보고된 가장 큰 유발지진은 지하 저류층으로 큰 부피의 유체가 주입 된데 비하여 배출은 적어 평형이 취해지지 않았던 프로젝트와 관련이 있다. 자료의 통계적 분석 결과, 주입되고 배출된 유체의 순주입량의 정도가 지하의 응력조건, 공극유압 등 유발지진을 일으키는 여러 요인들을 포함하여 표현하는 단일변수 역할 을 할 수도 있다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 따라서 지열개발과 대부분의 석유, 가스개발과같은 에너지 개발프로젝트는 총 주입량과 총 배출량의 평형을 유지하도록 설계 함으로서 유발지진이 일어날확률을 대폭 줄일 수도 있다. 반면에 장기간에 걸쳐 많은 양을 주입하는 폐수 처리정이나 CCS 프로젝트가 보다큰 유발지진을 일으킬 개연성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

Abstract

Induced seismicity related to four energy development technologies that involve fluid injection orwithdrawal: geothermal energy, conventional oil and gas development including enhanced oil recovery (EOR), shalegas recovery, and carbon capture and storage (CCS) is reviewed by literature investigation. The largest inducedseismic events reported in the technical literature are associated with projects that did not balance the large volumeof fluids injected into, or extracted from the underground reservoir. A statistical observation shows that the netvolume of fluid injected and/or extracted may serve as a proxy for changes in subsurface stress conditions andpore pressure, and other factors. Energy technology projects that are designed to maintain a balance between theamount of fluid being injected and the amount of fluid being withdrawn, such as geothermal and most oil andgas development, may produce fewer induced seismic events than technologies that do not maintain fluid balance,such as long-term wastewater disposal wells and CCS projects.

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