유체 생산에 따른 유발지진 사례 분석
Case Studies on Fluid Extraction Induced Seismicity
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초록
인간의 활동에 의해 발생하는 유발지진 중 유체의 주입뿐만 아니라 유체의 생산 또한 원인으로 알려져있다. 본 기술보고에서는 유체를 생산할 때 저류층 내부의 공극압 감소로 인해 지진이 유발되는 메커니즘을 정리하였다. 유체 생산으로 인해 유발지진이 발생한 사례들 중 네덜란드 흐로닝언(Groningen) 가스전, 프랑스 라크(Lacq) 가스전 그리고 멕시코 세로 프리에토(Cerro Prieto) 지열 발전소를 소개하고각 사례에 대한 기존 연구들을 정리하였다. 유체 생산 필드에서의 유체 생산량과 지반침하, 그리고 기존단층의 유무가 유발지진과 큰 상관성을 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서, 석유나 가스 생산 필드 그리고지열 발전소 개발을 위해 저류층에서 유발지진의 발생 가능성을 내재하고 있는 단층 유무에 대한 정확한탐사와 생산 중에 나타나는 지반침하를 실시간으로 모니터링하며 생산량을 조절하는 것이 중요하다.
Abstract
Among human-induced seismicity, fluid production has been one of the causes. In this report, the mechanism that causes an earthquake due to a decrease in the fluid pressure inside the reservoir during fluid extraction is summarized. As case studies, the Lacq gas field in France, the Cerro Prieto geothermal field in Mexico, and the Groningen gas field in the Netherlands, which have become issue recently, were introduced. It is showed that fluid production, ground subsidence, and the presence of existing faults were closely related with the induced seismicity. Therefore, for the development of oil or gas field and geothermal field, it is important to investigate the presence of faults that may cause earthquakes in the reservoir, to monitor ground subsidence during production in real time, and to control production.
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