CO2 지중저장 시 단층 안정성 평가
Case Study on Stability Assessment of Pre-existing Fault at CO2 Geologic Storage
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초록
CO2를 지중저장하는 과정에서 유체압력의 증가로 인한 단층 활성화는 저장영역의 기밀성 유지에 중대한영향을 미치며, 상황에 따라 저장기능의 회복 또는 저장중인 CO2의 처리 문제 등으로 확대될 수 있다. 따라서현지조사 결과의 불확실성을 최소화하고 이를 토대로 부지 선정과 주입압력 결정 단계에서 실제 조건에 가까운모델링을 수행하여 저장영역 내 단층의 안정성과 CO2 누출 가능성을 평가하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 이와관련된 기존 연구 결과들을 살펴봄으로써 연구 동향 및 연구 방법에 대한 정보를 제공하고자 하였다. 먼저 인위적으로 지반에 주입된 유체 또는 자연 생성되어 응집되어 있던 CO2에 의해 지진활동이 일어났던 사례들을 조사하였으며, 현지응력의 크기 및 방향, 단층 및 유체압력 분포 자료를 획득하는 방법에 대해 살펴보았다. 그리고단층 활성화 가능성 평가 및 지진활동 시 진동 크기 추정, 활성화에 따른 CO2 누출 모델링 관련 연구 사례를정리하였다.
Abstract
Increase of pore fluid pressure resulting from injection of CO2 may reactivate pre-existing faults, and the induced seismic activities can raise the safety issues such as seal integrity, restoration of storage capacity, and,in the worst case, removal of previously injected CO2. Thus, fault stability and potential for CO2 leakage need to be assessed at the stage of site selection and planning of injection pressure, based on the results of large-scale site investigations and numerical modeling for various scenarios. In this report, studies on the assessment of fault stability during injection of CO2 were reviewed. The seismic activities associated with an artificial injection of fluids or a release of naturally trapped high-pressure fluids were first examined, and then site investigation methods for the magnitude and orientation of in situ stresses, the distribution and change of pore fluid pressure, and the location of faults were generally summarized. Recent research cases on possibility estimation of fault reactivation, prediction of seismic magnitude, and modeling of CO2 leakage through a reactivated fault were presented.
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