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OECD 10개국 노인의 소득불평등에 관한 연구 －생애주기관점을 중심으로－

A study of the income inequality of the aged in OECD 10 countries - Focusing on the life course perspective

지은정
한국사회복지연구회 (Korean Association For Social Welfare Studies)|2011.03|사회복지연구 (Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies)|제42권 제1호|pp. 333-370|DOI 10.16999/kasws.2011.42.1.333

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참고문헌

키워드

노인income inequalitythe agedtransitionfactor decomposition요인분해복지체제life-course perspective누적 이익/불리가설생애주기관점이행. 소득불평등지위유지가설지위평등화가설cumulative advantage/disadvantage hypothesisstatus maintenance hypothesisstatus leveling hypothesiswelfare state regime
주제분류사회복지학

초록

본 연구는 생애주기관점의 불평등 가설에 따라, OECD 10개국 노인의 소득불평등을 연구하였다. 불평등 요인인 사회구조․제도는 복지체제에 주목하여, 개인의 생애주기상 비노년기에서 노년기로 이행한 사람들의 소득불평등을 분석하였다. 자료는 유럽의 SHARE와 미국의 HRS 패널자료이다(1～2차). 분석결과 첫째, 복지체제와 교육수준이 주된 불평등 요인으로 나타났다. 둘째, 소득불평등은 비노년기 시점에서 노년기 시점으로 이행하면 다소 감소하지만, 여전히 상당히 높다(지니계수 .475). 복지체제별로 보면 보수주의 체제는 비노년기에도 소득불평등이 높은데, 노년기가 되면 더 높아져 누적 이익/불리가설의 경향을 띤다. 자유주의 체제는 소득불평등이 높은 상태에서 유지되어 지위유지가설과 유사하다. 사민주의 체제는 비노년기에도 소득불평등이 낮은데, 노년기가 되면 더 낮아져 지위평등화 가설을 지지한다. 셋째, 비노년기에서 노년기로 이행하면 교육수준에 따른 누적된 이익/불리가 강화되어 총소득의 이질성이 커진다. 그러나 공적연금은 총소득보다 평등하게 분배되어 있다. 넷째, 복지체제별로 보면 자유주의 체제, 보수주의 체제의 공적연금은 비노년기보다 노년기에 더 불평등하게 분배되었다. 특히 보수주의 체제는 노년기의 소득불평등이 매우 높은데, 공적연금도 총소득만큼이나 불평등하게 분배되어 있다. 사회보장제도가 누적된 이익/불리를 강화하는 것으로 보인다. 반면 사민주의 체제는 공적연금이 총소득보다 평등하게 분배되고, 노년기가 되면 더 평등하게 분배되어 지위평등화 가설을 지지한다.

Abstract

This study views the aged inequalities according to the aged inequality hypothesis of the life course perspective in OECD 10 countries. Focusing on welfare state regime which is social structure factors of inequality, this study analyzes income inequality for the aged who have transformed into old age period from non-aged period in terms of individual's life cycle. The analysis is based on the data SHARE of Europe and HRS of USA. The main results of this study are summarized in four points. First, welfare system and the education level are the main factors of the inequality. Second, the income inequality is somewhat reduced in case the people move from the period of non-aged to the period of aged. However, gini coefficient is still high(0.475). Considering welfare state regimes, although the income inequality is high in conservative regime of non-aged period, this would be higher in aged period. This result supports cumulative advantages/disadvantages hypothesis. The liberal regime remains high income inequality which supports the theoretical argument of status maintenance. Social democratic regime provides evidence to offer some support for the status leveling hypothesis. In there, income inequality is lower in aged period even though income inequality of non-aged period is low. Third, the cumulative advantages/disadvantages of disposable income according to educational level are strengthened and heterogeneity is grown in case people transition from the late period of non-aged to aged period. But public pension has been more equally distributed than gross income. Fourth, seeing welfare state regimes, public pension of aged-period is more inequally distributed than that of non-aged period in liberal and conservative regime. Specially in conservative regime, inequality of gross income is very high and public pension is also inequally distribute So this might show that the social security system strengthens the cumulative advantages/disadvantages. However, in the social democratic regime, public pension is more equally distributed than gross income and it could be much more equally distributed in aged period, which can support the status leveling hypothesis.

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