국가의 여성경제활동 참여수준과 소득불평등의 관계에 관한 연구
A Study on the Relationship between Female Labor Force Participation and Nation's Income Inequality
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국가의 여성 경제활동 참여수준과 소득불평등의 관계에 관한 연구 박경하(서울대학교 사회복지연구소) 본 연구는 1980년대 이후 여성 경제활동참여의 증가 현상이 국가전체 소득불평등 수준에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 국가간 비교연구를 통해서 규명하였다. 분석은 OECD 국가들 중에서 8개국을 대상으로 결합시계열 회귀분석 방법을 사용하였다. 분석결과, 여성의 경제활동참여 증가는 국가의 소득불평등 수준을 감소시키는데 기여하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 여성의 경제활동 참여와 관련된 사회정책 즉, 적극적 노동시장정책과 가족지원정책을 개별적으로 고려할 경우 여성의 경제활동 참여가 미치는 소득불평등 감소효과는 달라졌다. 그리고 이러한 정책을 구성하는 세부 프로그램은 상보성을 유지하며 소득불평등 감소에 유의미한 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 국가차원의 소득불평등 문제를 해결하고자 하는 국가정책을 설계할 때 여성의 경제활동 참여를 확대하는 정책적 노력이 매우 중요하며, 적극적 노동시장정책과 가족지원정책을 어떻게 설계하는지에 따라서 여성의 경제활동참여가 국가의 소득불평등 문제 해결에 기여하는 정도가 달라질 수 있음에 주목하여야 한다. 주제어 : 여성의 경제활동참여, 소득불평등, 결합시계열 회귀분석(pooled cross-sectional time-series).
Abstract
A Study on the Relationship between Female Labor Force Participation and Nation's Income Inequality Kyung-ha Park This study investigated the impact of increasing female labor force participation on income inequality since the 1980s as the international comparative study. This study used the pooled cross-sectional time-series analysis to the 8 countries among the OECD nations. The result is that female labor force participation has a statistically significant positive effect on a decrease in income inequality. When the social policies such as active labor market policies and family support policies are considered, however, the impact of female labor force participation on a decrease in income inequality has changed. The study revealed that individual programs which comprise these policies have significant effect on reducing income inequality with complementarity. Therefore, we must pay attention to the importance of policy attempts in order to increase female labor force participation. We also need to recognize that the level of female labor force participation related to income inequality depends on active labor market policies and family support policies. Keywords: female labor force participation, income inequality, pooled cross-sectional time-series.
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