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복지국가의‘자녀유무별 여성임금격차(Family gap)'비교연구 : 가족정책과 노동시장구조의 영향을 중심으로

A Comparative Study of family gap in Welfare States :The Role of family policy and labor market structure

허수연
한국사회복지연구회 (Korean Association For Social Welfare Studies)|2010.06|사회복지연구 (Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies)|제41권 제2호|pp. 279-308|DOI 10.16999/kasws.2010.41.2.279

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키워드

gender equalitylabor market structure가족정책family policy여성임금wage structureFamily gap노동시장 성분절 구조임금 불평등 구조family gapwomen's wage
주제분류사회복지학

초록

본 연구는‘자녀유무별 여성임금격차(Family gap)’의 국가별 차이를 가져오는 제도적요인을 탐색하기 위해 OECD 14개국을 대상으로 가족정책, 노동시장 및 사회구조와 Family gap의 관계를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이 때 가족정책을 여성의 노동역할을 지원하는‘고용지원 가족정책’과 양육역할을 지원하는‘양육지원 가족정책’으로 분류하여 각각이 가지는 정책적 지향에 따라 Family gap에 미치는 영향을 구분하였으며 노동시장 및 사회구조를 분석하기 위한 변수로 노동시장 성분절 구조, 임금불평등 구조, 여성의 사회적 지위와 경제적 상황을 모형에 포함하였다. 분석을 위하여 먼저 헤크만 2단계추정법(Heckman's two stage estimation)을 통해 국가별 Family gap 크기를 측정한 후 퍼지셋분석(FSQCA)을 통해 어떠한 제도적 조합이 낮은 Family gap을 가져오는지 검증하였다. 분석결과 낮은 Family gap은‘고용지원 가족정책’의 발달과‘낮은 임금불평등 구조’의 결합인과관(conjunctual causation)에 의해 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 분석결과를 통해‘자녀가 있는 여성’의 양육으로 인한 불리함을 줄이고 상대적인 임금수준을 높이기 위한 제도적 노력으로 여성의 고용지속 및 양육의 사회화를 지원하고 여성과 남성 모두의 일-가족양립을 지향하는 가족정책의 확충과 함께 낮은 노동지위에 있는 여성의 임금 및 고용조건의 보호가 우선과제가 된다는 정책적 함의를 제시하였다.

Abstract

This study examines the association between family policies and family gap using data for 14 OECD countries. As family policies have different assumptions about women's roles and include variant sub-policies, this study identify two distinct family policies: ‘employment support policy’ to support women as employed workers and ‘caregiving support policy’ to support women as caregivers. Meanwhile, women's wage cannot be determined by the effect of 'only' family policy. Therefore, analysis model includes variant macro structure supposed to affect women's labor status and wage, like labor market structure, wage structure(compression), women's social status and economic status, and examines interaction effects between family policies and these labor market and social structures using Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (FSQCA). The FSQCA result shows that relatively low family gap is associated with the conjunctual causation of developed 'employment support policy' and compressed wage structure.

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