사회복지실천 실습평가에서의 가치 중심 실천과 기술 중심 실천 간의 균형에 대한 탐색적 연구
Field Evaluation in Social Work Education - An Exploration of the Balance between Value Based Practice and Skills Based Practice -
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초록
사회복지실습은 사회복지실천기술과 전문적 가치를 사회복지현장 경험을 통하여 연습할 수 있는 기회를 제공한다. 그러나 다수의 연구자들은 사회복지실습을 포함한 사회복지교육이 전문적 가치를 실제 사회복지실천으로 실행하는 데 충분한 노력을 기울이지 못하고 있다는 의견을 보이고 있다. 또한, 성과를 중요하게 여기고 효과적인 실천에 대한 사회적 요구가 급증하고 있어 사회복지교육이 전문적 가치와 구체적인 기술 중심의 실천을 동시에 실행하는 기회를 제공하고 있는 가에 대한 논의가 제기되고 있다. 본 연구는 사회복지대학원 실습현장에서 사회복지실천이 전문적 가치와 구체적인 기술 모두를 균형 있게 비중을 두는 가에 대하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 사회복지실습 교육자가 실습 전반에 대한 평가에서 전문적 가치 중심의 실천과 기술 중심 실천 중 어디에 보다 비중을 두는 가에 검증해 보고자 하였다. 실습교육자는 실습 전반에 대한 평가와 더불어 다양한 차원 각각에서 실습생의 능력을 평가하였다. 가치중심 실천은 전문적 가치라 할 수 있는 인간존엄, 자기결정, 전문적 가치 실행 등을 포함하였다. 기술 중심 실천은 구체화할 수 있는 개입 활동을 포함하였다. 예로 개입 목적을 규정하기, 사례관리 기술을 실행하기, 개입계획이 성취되었는가 평가하기 등이다. 조사 대상자는 사회복지대학원에 재학 중인 98명을 포함하였다. 중다회귀 분석 결과 기술 중심 실천에 대한 평가는 사회복지실습 교육자가 실습 전반에 대하여 내린 평가와 유의미하게 연관성을 보인 반면, 가치 중심 실천에 대한 평가는 연관성을 보이지 않았다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 논의 및 함의를 제시하였다.
Abstract
Field education provides students opportunities to practice skills and professional values through experiencing real social work practice. Many authors suggest that the social work educational programs have made insufficient efforts to implement professional values in real social work practice. Besides, the increasing demand for effective practice based on clear outcomes calls into question whether social work education programs can provide opportunities to implement professional values and yet emphasis skill based practice at the same time. This study explores how well social workers balance the commitment to professional values and to outcome in one venue, MSW field practica. It investigates whether field instructors' overall evaluation of students is associated more with their assessment of the student's professional value based practice or with the students' skill based practice. Field instructors rated students on specific competencies as well as overall rating. Value based practice included competencies anchored in the values of the profession, for example, human dignity, self-determination, conducting professional value. Skill based practice included outcome-oriented intervention activities, for examples, identifying goals, demonstrating skills in case management, and evaluating whether intervention plans were achieved. Data were obtained from the field evaluations of ninety eight Master of Social Work (MSW) students. The multiple regression analyses revealed that ratings of skill based practice were significantly associated with the overall evaluation of students whereas ratings of value based practice were not. The implications for field education are discussed.
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