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사회적 배제로서의 주거지 격리가 주민의 우울감에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 - 동네의 사회경제적 지위에 따른 동네효과를 중심으로 -

Residential Segregation as a Social Exclusion and Its Neighborhood Effect on Depression

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키워드

주제분류사회복지학

초록

사회적 배제의 결과이자 원인으로서 주거지 격리는 사회경제적 지위가 낮은 동네의 주민들에게 부정적인 사회심리적 효과를 야기할 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 주거지 격리에 따른 빈곤계층의 공간적 집중이 우울감에 미치는 동네효과를 경험적으로 살펴보는 것이다. 이러한 목적을 위하여 본 연구는 대전광역시에 위치한 52개 동네를 선정하고, 주민 3,204명의 설문응답결과에 위계적 선형모형을 적용하여 분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과 동네별 우울감에 있어서는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보여주었다. 또한 국민기초생활수급자 가구 비율에 기초한 동네의 사회경제적 지위가 이러한 차이를 잘 설명하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 개인수준의 인구사회학적 변수를 통제한 이후에는, 동네의 사회경제적 지위가 동네간의 차이를 더 이상 설명하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 우울감과 관련하여 동네효과보다는 구성효과가 존재한다는 것을 시사한다. 개인수준의 설명변수로서 추가적으로 고려한 동네무질서는 대체적으로 우울감과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론으로 실증분석결과의 시사점 및 앞으로의 연구방향을 제시하였다.

Abstract

As a cause as well as a result of social exclusion, residential segregation can lead to negative social-psychological effect on residents in low socioeconomic status neighborhoods. The purpose of this study is to measure a neighborhood effect on depression caused by spacial concentration of poor population following residential segregation. For the purpose, it carries out a questionnaire survey with 52 neighborhoods' residents in Daejeon Metropolitan City. Hierarchical linear model was applied to the final 3,204 data. The result shows there is a statistically significant difference in the level of depression across neighborhoods. It also shows that neighborhood socioeconomic status measured by rate of minimum living expenses recipient families in a neighborhood explains the difference quite well. But after statistically controlling individual-level demographic and socioeconomic variables, neighborhood socioeconomic status does not explain the difference any more. It implies there is no neighborhood effect but only compositional effect. Neighborhood disorders employed as individual level explanatory variables appear to have generally significant relationship with individual depression. The conclusion provides some research implications and future research directions.

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