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아동성학대 경험이 있는 어머니들의 사회적 지지 특성

Social Support Characteristics among Mothers with and without Childhood Sexual Abuse Trauma

정익중|김기현|Penelope Trickett
한국사회복지연구회 (Korean Association For Social Welfare Studies)|2007.12|사회복지연구 (Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies)|제35호|pp. 215-237|DOI 10.16999/kasws.2007..35.215

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키워드

아동성학대social support사회적 지지child sexual abusesocial network사회관계망다차원성factorial invariancemultidimensionalityMothers’ Social Support Questionnaire (MSSQ)요인불변성
주제분류사회복지학

초록

사회적 지지 척도는 여러 가지 하위요인으로 구성된 다차원 척도이다. 하지만 대부분의 기존 연구에서는 이를 반영하지 못하고 사회적 지지를 하나의 점수로 전환하여 단일척도로 사용하고 있다. 또한 사회적 지지는 아동성학대 생존자에게 중요하게 작용할 수 있지만, 자료수집의 어려움 때문에 이에 대한 체계적인 연구는 절대적으로 부족하였다. 본 연구는 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위해, 먼저 사회적 지지 척도의 다차원성과 요인불변성을 살펴보았고, 둘째, 요인분석 결과에 기반하여 아동성학대 경험이 있는 어머니들의 사회적 지지 특성을 성학대 경험이 없는 어머니들의 사회적 지지 특성과 비교하였다. 본 연구에서는 미국에서 가장 장기간 진행되고 있는 아동성학대연구의 표본이 활용되었다. 연구결과에 따르면 정서적-정보적, 도구적-공유활동으로 구분되는 2개의 요인을 가진 2차원 모형이 최적 모형으로 나타났다. 2차원 모형은 사회적 지지의 원천이 원가족으로부터 나오든지, 가족 이외의 사람으로부터 나오든지 상관없이 적용될 수 있으며, 또한 아동기에 성학대를 경험했는지 여부와도 상관없이 적용될 수 있는 요인불변성을 보여주었다. 이러한 2차원 모형에 기초하여 집단간 차이를 살펴본 결과, 아동성학대 생존자가 아동성학대 경험이 없는 사람들에 비해 원가족으로부터 정서적-정보적 지지를 상대적으로 덜 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구가 가진 사회적 지지 연구에서의 한국적 함의가 논의되었다.

Abstract

In spite of the mounting evidence showing that social support is a multidimensional construct, a global composite of social support has been widely utilized in social support research. The purpose of the current study is two-fold: 1) to examine the factor structure of a social support measure for mothers, and its factorial invariance across population characteristics (mothers who were sexually abused in childhood vs. mothers who were not sexually abused in childhood) as well as across support sources (family-of-origin sub-network vs. non-family sub-network); and 2) to compare social support and support network characteristics between mothers with and without childhood sexual abuse trauma. Data are used from the longest-running child sexual abuse study in the U.S. Results indicated that a two-common-factor model (emotional-informational vs. behavioral support) was the most accurate and parsimonious representation of the social support functions in the Mothers’ Social Support Questionnaire (MSSQ). The resultant structure was invariant across the two independent samples as well as across the two different support sources. On the basis of the identified factor structure, we found mothers with childhood sexual abuse trauma receive significantly less emotional-informational support from family-of-origin sub-network. Implications are discussed in the context of multidimensionality of the social support construct. Future research directions for social support studies in Korea are also discussed.

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