시민권 담론의 두 얼굴 - Marshall의 사회적 시민권에 대한 재해석을 중심으로 -
Two Face of Citizenship Discourse - Reinterpretation of Social Citizenship of Marshall -
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본 연구는 시민권 담론의 부활의 시기인 1990년대의 사회적 시민권에 대한 담론 논쟁의 두 측면을 분석하였다. 복지국가 재편기 시기에 사회적 시민권 담론 논쟁은 시민권론의 본질에 대한 서로 다른 해석에서 비롯된다. 한 편에서는 복지국가의 기본 축은 사회적 시민권의 권리성이라고 주장하고, 다른 한편에서는 시민권은 권리와 의무 두 축으로 구성되어 있고 이는 개인의 책임과 의무가 선행되어야 권리를 실현할 수 있다고 주장한다. 특히 후자의 논의는 개인의 책임과 의무 중 가장 중요한 의무는 노동의무라고 주장하면서 이후 근로연계복지 정책의 이론적 기반으로 작용한다. 본 연구는 Marshall의 이론을 기반으로 한 상반되는 두 담론을 구체적으로 분석하여 이 중 어느 담론이 Marshall에 대한 올바른 해석인지 규명하고자 하였다. 신우파와 보수당 정부 그리고 신노동당 정부 등은 자신들의 복지축소와 개인의무 강화를 정당화하기 위하여 Marshall의 시민권론에서 근거를 찾고자 하나, 이는 Marshall의 시민권에 대한 왜곡이다. Marshall은 자신의 저서에서 시민권이 권리와 의무 두 축으로 구성되어 있으나 이는 의무 충족이 권리 실현의 전제조건이 아니라는 점을 명백히 밝히고 있다.
Abstract
This Study analysis two features of social citizenship in the period of rights revolution. Discousive arguments are derived from different reinterpretations of social citizenship of Marshall. Some insist that main idea of welfare state is rights of social citizenship and the other insist that social rights is realized after doing duty. Especially the latter emphasis work obligation in which individual responsibility and duty, these discussion underlie wokrfare policy. This reserch examine two contrary discourses based on Marshall's theory, and make a close inquiry into correct interpretation about Marshall. New rights, the Conservative party and New Labour seek for ground on Marshall's citizenship theory, but these are distortion on it. Marshall insisted that citizenship constituted rights and duties but he claimed that discharge of a duty isn't precondition of the exercise of the right.
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