장애인에 대한 돌봄부담이 가족의 경제활동에 미치는 영향
Impacts of Care Burden of Persons with Disabilities on a Family’s Labor Force Participation
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이 논문에서는 장애인에 대한 돌봄부담이 가족의 고용과 노동시간에 영향을 미치는지 확인하고, 돌봄부담과 고용 여부 간 관계와 돌봄부담과 노동시간 간 관계에서 성별에 따른 차이가 있는지 확인하였다. 기존 국외 문헌들을 통해 장애인에 대한 돌봄이 가족돌봄제공자의 고용 여부, 노동시간 등 경제활동에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인했으나 이러한 돌봄부담과 가족의 경제활동에 관한 국내 연구는 부족하다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 장애인 부가조사가 실시된 한국복지패널 5개 차수 자료를 활용하여 18∼64세의 근로연령대 비장애인을 대상으로 장애인에 대한 돌봄부담 정도가 경제활동에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구대상은 최대 13,336명(남성 6,424명, 여성 6,912명)이고 5개 차수의 개인 -연도 사례수로는 최대 37,419명이었다. 자료 분석에서는 패널 회귀분석에 하이브리드 방법(hybrid method)을 적용했다. 주요 연구결과를 살펴보면, 첫째, 장애인에 대한 돌봄부담은 남성에 비해 여성이 더 높게 나타났고, 둘째, 기술통계에서 여성은 장애인에 대한 돌봄부담이 높은 경우 돌봄부담이 없는 경우에 비해 고용률과 연간 노동시간이 상당히 낮아 매우 큰 악영향을 받는데, 남성의 경우에는 다소 낮을 뿐 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 셋째, 패널 회귀분석 결과 남성은 장애인에 대한 돌봄부담 수준에 따라 고용과 노동시간에 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타난 반면, 여성은 장애인에 대한 돌봄부담이 높은 경우 돌봄부담이 없는 경우에 비해 고용률은 6.5%포인트, 연간 노동시간은 364.8시간 적은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 실천적⋅정책적 제언을 제시하였다.
Abstract
This study investigated whether care burden of persons with disabilities affected a family’s employment and work hours, and whether the association between care burden and employment and the association between care burden and work hours differed by gender. Existing foreign literature revealed that caring for persons with disabilities negatively affected labor force participation such as employment status and work hours of family caregivers. However, domestic studies on the caregiver’s burden family’s labor force participation were scant. People without a disability aged 18 to 64 participated as a study sample and five waves of the supplementary data for a person with a disability from the Korea Welfare Panel Study were used. The subjects were a maximum of 13,336 people (6,424 male and 6,912 female); in terms of the number of individual-year cases in five waves, they were 37,419 at a maximum size. We applied a hybrid method in conducting panel regression analysis. The findings showed, first, female had a higher burden in caring a person with a disability than male; second, in the descriptive statistics, female had a significantly lower employment rate and annual work hours than those without care burden; however, male did not show much difference. Third, the panel regression analysis showed that the level of care burden for a person with a disability did not affect employment and work hours among male; whereas female with higher care burden had a 6.5% point less employment rate and 364.8 hours less annual work hours than those without any care burden. Based on these results, practical and policy suggestions were presented.
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