스포츠 기본욕구만족 척도의 타당성 검증
Validating the Basic Needs Satisfaction in Sport Scale in Korea
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초록
자기결정이론의 하위이론 중 하나인 기본심리욕구이론에서는 인간의 기본 욕구를 유능성, 자율성과 관계성 등 3가지로 정의하고 있으나, 최근 스포츠 상황에서는 선수들의 욕구는 3가지 유형의 자율성(선택, 인과소재, 자유의지), 유능성과 관계성 등 5가지로 제시되고 있다(Ng, Lonsdale, & Hodge, 2011). 본 연구는 5가지 스포츠 기본욕구만족척도가 국내 스포츠 상황에 적용될 수 있는지를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 서울소재 고등학교 학생선수 228명을대상으로 스포츠 기본욕구만족 척도의 신뢰도, 타당도와 생태학적 보편성을 검증하였다. 연구결과, 5요인 구조의 스포츠 기본욕구만족 척도의 타당성이 국내 스포츠 상황에서도 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 그 동안 스포츠 상황에서활용 되어온 3요인 구조의 기본욕구만족 보다는 5요인 구조의 기본욕구만족이 선수들의 기본심리욕구를 보다 구체적으로 파악하고 측정하는데 유용하다는 새로운 사실을 제시해준다. 이 척도는 향후 스포츠 현장과 지도자들에게 선수들의 기본심리욕구를 구체적으로 측정하고 평가하는데 새로운 접근 방법을 제시해 줄 것으로 기대된다.
Abstract
Grounded in self-determination theory, the purpose of this study was to create items and test the reliability and validity of scores derived from a basic needs satisfaction in sport scale (i.e., competence, relatedness, and the three aspects of autonomy), which was developed specifically for use in the sport setting by Na, Lonsdale & Hodge (2011). For this way, Korea athletes-student (n=228) participated in this study. Reliability and factorial validity was examined using alpha coefficients and confirmatory factory analysis (CFA). The results showed that the good fit of the hypothesized five-factor model was found, and alpha coefficients ranged from .691 to .902. In the criterion validity, BNSSS was positive correlations with intrinsic motivation and integrated regulation, whereas it was negative correlations with external regulation and amotivation. It is also negative correlations basic psychological needs frustration (i.e., competence frustration, relatedness frustration and autonomy frustration). Overall, the results suggest that Korean version of BNSSS demonstrated good internal, factorial, and predictive validity as well as internal consistency. BNSSS is discussed, and recommendations and suggestions for future study and directions are made concerning the usage in the sport context.
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