眞德秀의 “太極”설로 본 南宋後期 理學思想의 경향

Abstract

眞德秀 Zhen de xiu is a scholar and politician in the latter part of Southern Song dynasty. He is a student of 詹體仁 Zhan ti ren who studied under 朱熹 Xhu xi’s instruction. 太極 Taiji is a critical term in 性理學 xinglixue along with 理 li and 道 dao, especially, in the Southern Song dynasty. Zhen de xiu, as Xhu xi did, understands taiji as a li which is fundamental sources of all things and they belongs to every things at the same time. He also says 天 tian’s 理 li which in human’s mind becomes xing is the taiji. Furthermore, taiji is a complete existence which can be told as the taiji either when it refers to all the things or separate all the things. Zhen de xiu says about 邵雍 Shao Yong’s ‘心爲太極 xin wei taiji,’ the mind is taiji, through that he highlights a moral principles/standard is absolute and universal. This gives a basis point which human can return through cultivating one’s mind. Through this, Zhen de xiu puts mind of a king which has taiji as a root of the whole world, so he writes 大學衍義 Daxueyanyi and defines the sixteen characters in 大禹謨 Dayumo of 書痙 Shujing, as a ‘萬世心學之淵源 wanshi xinxue zhi yuanyuan’ through using the concept of ‘心學 xinxue’ which hardly can be seen in Xhu xi’s students. The tendency of using a taiji to give basis of cultivating one’s mind and highlighting a needs of cultivating is a characteristic of the latter part of Southern Song dynasty’s xinglixue.