이정(二程) 형제 불교 비판의 사상적 맥락 고찰 - 유·불일체론과 도통론을 중심으로 -

Abstract

This paper attempts to reinterpret Cheng brothers(二程)' criticism of Buddhism as a part of his efforts to secure the initiative of Confucianism in the ideological environment of Buddhist superiority in the Northern Song Dynasty. In this period, Zen Buddhism led to an atmosphere of social participation through the fusion of Buddhism and Confucianism, focusing on Zhi Yuan(智圓, 976-1022) and Xie Chong(契崇, 1007-1072). This discussion of the convergence of the unity and the fusion affirms the role of Confucianism in the socio-political sphere, while the bureaucrats and the intellectuals who lead them should be based on Buddhism. That is to say, the dimension of the 'Outward Kingliness(外王)' is the Confucianism, and the dimension of the 'Inward Sageliness(內聖)' is the realization of a single 'Dao' through the role division of Buddhism. Cheng Brothers’ criticism of Buddhism is the primary object of the Zen Buddhism strategy of sharing the role of the Buddhism. They rejected the theory of Succession of the Way(道統論) which was then led by Buddhism, and build their own concept of Succession of the Way. Furthermore, They stress that false Acts(迹) of Buddhism in the real world are ultimately result from the problem of their theoretical system for Dao(道) or Mind(心). Through this, Cheng brothers require the establishment of a philosophical system of 'Inward Sageliness' consistent with 'Outward Kingliness' in order to build up the Confucianism to replace Buddhism.