ADHD 성향을 가진 대학생의 마인드 원더링과 작업 기억 용량과의 관련성
The Relationship between Mind Wandering and Working Memory Capacity in College Students with ADHD Traits
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초록
본 연구는 주의력결핍/과잉행동 장애(attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: ADHD) 성향을 가진 대학생이 과도한 마인드 원더링을 경험하는지와 마인드 원더링과 작업 기억 용량이 서로 관련되어 있는지를 알아보았다. 한국판 Conners 성인 ADHD 평정 척도와 성인 ADHD 자기 보고 척도 점수에 근거하여 정상통제군(n = 30)과 ADHD 성향군(n = 27)을 선정하였다. 마인드 원더링은 Go/NoGo 과제와 이 과제 수행 동안의 사고 탐침을 통하여 측정한 한편 작업 기억 용량은 조작 폭 과제와 웩슬러 성인 지능검사의 숫자 검사를 사용하여 측정하였다. 분석 결과, ADHD 성향군이 정상통제군에 비해 Go/NoGo 과제에서 유의하게 높은 마인드 원더링 빈도를 보고하였고, Go 조건에서 더 빠른 반응 시간 및 NoGo 조건에서 더 낮은 반응 정확률을 보였다. 또한, ADHD 성향군이 정상통제군에 비해 조작 폭 과제에서 유의하게 낮은 수행을 보였고, ADHD 성향군의 마인드 원더링 빈도와 조작 폭 과제 점수 사이에 유의한 부적 상관이 관찰되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 ADHD 성향군이 정상통제군보다 마인드 원더링을 더 빈번하게 경험하고 낮은 작업 기억 용량을 가지고 있으며, 이들의 과도한 마인드 원더링이 낮은 작업 기억 용량과 관련되어 있음을 시사한다. 즉 ADHD 성향군의 낮은 작업 기억 용량이 집행 통제 능력을 제한하고 이로 인해 마인드 원더링을 많이 경험하는 것을 시사한다. 나아가 이 결과는 마인드 원더링이 ADHD 환자의 인지 기능 결함과 관련된다는 선행 연구의 결과를 지지하고, 성인 ADHD의 이해와 치료에 마인드 원더링과 작업 기억을 함께 고려해야 함을 시사한다.
Abstract
This study investigated whether college students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) traits experience excessive mind wandering and excessive mind wondering is related to working memory capacity. Based on the scores of Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, normal control group (n = 30) and ADHD trait group (n = 27) were selected. Mind wandering was assessed by Go/NoGo task performance andthought probe, which was measured during the Go/NoGo task. Working memory capacity was assessed by Operation Span task and Digit Span task. Compared to the normal control group, ADHD trait group exhibited significantly more frequent mind wandering in the Go/NoGo task and showed faster response time in the Go condition and lower accuracy rate in the NoGo condition. In addition, ADHD trait group showed significantly poorer performance on the Operation Span task, and a significant negative correlation between the frequency of mind wandering and performance on the Operation Span task. These results suggest that college students with ADHD trait experience excessive mind wandering, and had limited working memory capacity than normal controls, and their excessive mind wandering is related to limited working memory capacity. In other words, present results suggest that the low working memory capacity limits the ability of the executive-control, which leads to a lot of mind-wanting experiences in individuals with ADHD traits. Furthermore, present results support the results of previous studies that mind wandering is associated with cognitive deficits in ADHD patients, and suggest that mind wandering and working memory capacity should be considered together in understanding and treating adult ADHD patients.
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