주의력결핍/과잉행동 성향을 가진 대학생의 신경심리 기능에 관한 연구
Neuropsychological functions of college students with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) traits
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초록
본 연구는 주의력결핍/과잉행동(attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ADHD) 성향을 가진 대학생들이 인지 기능의 저하를 가지고 있는지와 이들의 신경심리검사 수행과 ADHD 증상이 어떻게 관련되어 있는지를 포괄적인 신경심리 배터리를 사용하여 조사하였다. Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales-Korean(CAARS-K)와 Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale(ASRS) 질문지의 점수에근거하여 성인 ADHD 성향군(n=31)과 정상통제군(n=32)을 선택하였고, 신경심리 기능은 주의, 언어/비언어 기억, 간섭 통제, 언어 유창성, 개념 전환, 작업기억으로 구성되어 있는 집행기능을 평가하였다. 그 결과 정상통제군에 비해 성인 ADHD 성향군이 주의 검사와 집행기능 중 간섭 통제, 언어 유창성, 작업기억을 평가하는 검사에서 유의하게 낮은 수행을 보였다. 또한 ADHD 성향군이정상통제군에 비해 유의하게 높은 우울과 불안 수준을 보였으며, 우울과 불안을 통제한 후에는주의 검사 중 d2와 집행기능을 측정하는 스트룹의 색채-단어 조건과 공간 폭 검사에서 정상통제군에 비해 유의하게 낮은 수행을 보임이 관찰되었다. ADHD 성향군의 신경심리검사 수행과ADHD 증상 간의 관련성을 분석한 결과, d2의 정반응 점수, 주의집중력지표와 CAARS-K의 하위척도인 DSM-IV total 점수 간에 부적상관이 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과는 성인 ADHD 성향군이주의와 집행기능의 어려움, 즉 지속적인 주의집중의 어려움, 무질서함, 인내심 부족뿐만 아니라 조직화하는 능력의 결여, 계획성 부족, 체계적이지 못한 학업 및 직무수행, 규칙이나 지시를 따르지못하는 등의 어려움을 가지고 있음을 시사한다.
Abstract
This study investigated the neuropsychological functioning and its relationship to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in nonclinical college students with ADHD traits using a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests. Based on the scores of the Conners' adult ADHD rating scales-Korean (CAARS-K) and adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS), ADHD trait (n=31) and normal control (n=32) groups were selected. Verbal/nonverbal memory, attention, and executive functions were evaluated. Compared to the normal control group, the ADHD trait group showed significantly poor performances on attention, interference control, verbal fluency and working memory. In addition, the ADHD trait group showed poorer performance on d2, Stroop color-word condition, spatial span after controlling for the effects of depression and anxiety. In terms of relationships between neuropsychological functioning and ADHD symptoms in ADHD trait group, a negative correlation was observed between the performance of d2 test and DSM-IV total scores of CAARS-K. These results indicated that attention and executive functioning were impaired in college students with ADHD traits. These individuals seemed to have difficulties in attention/concentration, being disorganized, lacking persistence, being poor in planning, with poor academic and job performance.
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