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인지적 재평가가 사회불안에 미치는 영향: 재평가의 두 가지 전략을 중심으로

Effect of Two Types of Cognitive Reappraisals on Social Anxiety

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본 연구에서는 객관화 재평가와 긍정적 재평가라는 인지적 재평가의 두 가지 하위 유형을 측정하는 척도를 마련하고, 각 유형별 개입이 사회불안이 높은 개인들에게 주는 영향을 밝히고자 하였다. 연구 1에서는 인지적 재평가의 두 가지 하위 유형에 대해 평정할 수 있는 측정도구(Cognitive Reappraisal Questionnaire: CRQ)를 개발한 후(N = 305), 신뢰도와 타당도를 확인하였다(N = 161). 개발된 척도는 객관화 재평가와 긍정적 재평가의 2요인 구조를 가진 것으로 나타났으며 모형의 적합도, 내적 합치도 및 검사-재검사 신뢰도가 양호하였다. 수렴 및 변별 타당도 역시 양호하였으며 두 재평가의 특성이 상이함도 확인되었다. 연구 2에서는 사회불안이 높은 대학생(N = 43)을 객관화 및 긍정적 재평가 집단에 무선할당하고 서로 다른 90분간의 처치 후 변화를 확인하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 긍정적 재평가 집단에서 사회불안의 감소, 객관화 및 긍정적 재평가 능력과 긍정 정서의 증가가 유의하였다. 객관화 재평가 집단에서는 사회불안과 부정 정서의 감소, 객관화 재평가 능력의 향상 경향성을 보여주었다. 또한 긍정적 재평가 처치의 경우 긍정적 재평가 능력이 향상되면서 긍정 정서가 높아지고 높아진 긍정 정서가 사회불안을 감소시키는 간접경로가 유의한 반면, 객관화 재평가 처치의 경우 객관화 재평가 능력의 향상이 사회불안의 감소로 이어지는 직접경로가 유의하다는 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 사회불안이 높은 개인들에게 두 가지 처치의 효과가 서로 다른 기제를 통해 나타날 수 있음을 시사한다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점 및 후속 연구에 대해 논의하였다.

Abstract

This study aimed to examine how two types of cognitive reappraisals―detached reappraisal and positive reappraisal―have different impacts on social anxiety. In Study 1, the Cognitive Reappraisal Questionnaire (CRQ), to measure two types of cognitive reappraisals was developed and validated. The results of the statistical analysis supported the two-factor structure of the CRQ and demonstrated excellent internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity. The experimental study 2 was designed to examine the effects of detached reappraisal and positive reappraisal interventions on social anxiety. College students with high social anxiety were randomly assigned to two different groups and participated in a total of 90 min of practice. After the training, in the positive reappraisal group, social anxiety decreased, whereas positive emotions, detached reappraisal, and positive reappraisal ability increased significantly. In the detached reappraisal group, tendencies toward reduction of social anxiety and negative emotions were found, along with the improvement in detached reappraisal ability. In addition, the results revealed how the two types of interventions affect social anxiety differently. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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