신체 내부지각이 공황발작을 경험한 대학생의 걱정에 미치는 영향
The Effect of Interoception on Worry among College Students with a History of Panic Attacks
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초록
공황장애는 한 번 이상의 공황발작 및 추가적인 발작에 대한 지속적인 걱정을 주된 진단 요건으로 하며(American Psychiatric Association, 2013), 이 때 지속적인 걱정은 상위인지(metacognition)의 영향을 받는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 공황발작에 대한 걱정의 심리적 기제를 살펴보기 위하여, 신체 내부지각에 대한 상위인지의 세 가지 지표 즉, 내부지각 정확도(interoceptive accuracy), 내부지각 민감성(interoceptive sensibility) 및 이러한 정확도와 민감성 간의 차이를 반영하는 내부지각 예측오류특성(interoceptive trait prediction error)이 공황발작 이후의 걱정에 미치는 차별적인 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 연구 참여에 동의한 서울 소재 4년제 대학에 재학 중인 대학생들 중 1회 이상의 공황발작을 경험한 28명의 참가자를 대상으로 걱정의 빈도 및 강도를 확인하였으며, 이를 기준으로 저걱정 집단 13명과 고걱정 집단 15명으로 구분하였다. 심박 추적 과제를 실시하여 신체 내부지각에 대한 정확도, 민감성 및 예측오류특성을 비교한 결과, 두 집단은 내부지각 예측오류특성에서만 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 즉 고걱정 집단은 자신의 내부지각 능력을 과대평가하였으며, 저걱정 집단은 자신의 내부지각 능력을 과소평가하는 양상을 보였다. 또한 상위인지와 관련된 세 지표 중 내부지각 정확도 및 예측오류특성만 걱정과 유의미한 상관관계를 나타냈다. 본 연구는 공황발작 이후에 지속적으로 높은 걱정 수준을 보이는 집단이 내부지각 능력을 과대평가하는 특성을 보인다는 점을 확인함으로써 상위인지가 공황장애의 발생 및 유지에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다는 데 의의가 있다. 마지막으로 연구의 한계점 및 후속 연구에 대한 제안점을 논의하였다.
Abstract
Panic disorder is distinguished from panic attacks by persistent concern or worry about additional panic attacks or their consequences. Considering persistent worry is pathological and affected by metacognition, the present study aimed to investigate the role of metacognition toward interoception including interoceptive accuracy and interoceptive sensibility. Furthermore, we examined how interoceptive trait prediction error - the difference between interoceptive accuracy and interoceptive sensibility - affects the worries of individuals with a history of panic attacks. For this purpose, 28 undergraduate students who had experienced a panic attack at least once and agreed to participate were assigned to two groups based on the frequency and severity of their worries: the high worry panickers(HWP group; n = 15) and the low worry panickers(LWP group; n = 13). The heartbeat tracking test which asked participants to silently count their perceived heartbeats within a specified time frame was administered. As a result, a significant group difference in interoceptive trait prediction error, but not in interoceptive accuracy and interoceptive sensibility, was found. Specifically, the HWP group overestimated their interoceptive ability whereas the LWP group relatively underestimated it. Across the entire sample, interoceptive trait prediction error and interoceptive accuracy showed a significant relationship with worry. The present study has practical implication in that it experimentally examined the relationship between metacognition in interoception and worries in relation to panic disorder. Finally, further implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research were discussed.
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