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사회불안과 신체내부지각의 관계 고찰: 신경생리적 기제를 중심으로

A Study on the Relationship between Social Anxiety Disorder and Interoception: focusing on neurophysiological mechanisms

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초록

본 연구에서는 사회불안과 신체내부지각과의 관계에 대해 알아보고, 내부지각과 마음챙김을 병행하여 사회불안장애를 개선할 수 있는 방법을 문헌고찰을 통해 살펴보았다. 신체내부지각과 사회불안과의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 사회불안이 낮은 사람들은 내부지각을 통해 불안이 경감되고, 사회불안이 높은 사람들은 내부지각을 통해 불안이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 불안이 높은 사람들이 내부지각을 수행했을 때, 불안이 증가한 이유는 첫째, 사회불안이 있는 사람들의 부정적 평가에 대한 두려움 등의 인지적 편향으로 인해 신체내부감각을 부정적으로 해석하기 때문인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 디폴트모드네트워크의 활성화로 인해 자기초점주의나 부정적 평가에 대한 두려움 같은 자기관련사고가 증가하기 때문인 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 중앙집행네트워크와 디폴트모드네트워크 사이에서 스위치 역할을 하는 오른쪽 전측 뇌섬엽의 기능상의 문제인 것으로 나타났다. 종합하면, 사회불안이 낮은 사람들과 달리 사회불안이 높은 사람들이 내부지각으로 인해 불안이 높아지는 이유는 신체내부감각에 대한 부적응적 해석 때문인 것으로 확인되었다. 내부지각을 이용하여 불안을 경감시킬 수 있는 방법을 확인한 결과 첫째, 일반인의 경우 내부지각의 정확성을 증가시킴으로 인해 불안이 감소하였다. 둘째, 사회불안이 높은 사람들의 경우 마음챙김 훈련 후 내부지각의 정확성을 증가시켰을 때, 불안이 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 내부지각으로 사회불안의 원인을 좀 더 구체적으로 설명할 수 있었고, 내부지각을 기반으로 사회불안을 개선하기 위한 방법을 탐색할 수 있었다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의미와 시사점을 논의하였다.

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between the social anxiety disorder and interoception and examined various methods to treat the social anxiety disorder using interoception through literature review. As a result of examining the relationship between body perception and social anxiety, it was found that those with low social anxiety were reduced by interoception , and those with high social anxiety were increased by interoception. The reason for the increase in anxiety when the people with high anxiety performed interoception was first, it was found that the cognitive bias such as fear of negative evaluation of people with social anxiety negatively interpreted the internal sense of the body. Second, the fear of self-focused attention or negative evaluation due to activation of the default mode network was confirmed to be due to the increase in self-referential thought. Third, it was found that the function of the right front insula, which acts as a switch between the central execution network and the default mode network, is a problem. In conclusion, it was confirmed that people with high social anxiety, unlike those with low social anxiety, have increased social anxiety due to interoception because of maladaptive interpretation of body internal sense. As a result of confirming the method to reduce anxiety by using interoception, first, anxiety was reduced by increasing the accuracy of interoception in people with low social anxiety. Second, in the case of people with high social anxiety, anxiety decreased when the accuracy of interoception increased after mindfulness training. Third, the sensitivity was reduced through exposure to interoception, thereby reducing anxiety. The results of this study were able to explain the cause of social anxiety more specifically with interoception, and to explore ways to improve social anxiety based on interoception. Finally, the meaning and implications of this study were discussed.

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