청소년 사별 후 대처척도 개발 및 타당화
Development and Validation of the Bereavement Coping Scale for Adolescents
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초록
본 연구는 사별에 대처하는 개인차를 설명하는 모델인 이중과정모델(Stroebe & Schut, 1999; 2010)을 기반으로 청소년 사별 후 대처척도를 개발하고 타당도를 검증하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 가족과 사별한 경험이 있는 청소년을 대상으로 반구조화 면담, 개방형 설문, 자기보고식 설문을 실시하였다. 이중과정모델과 반구조화 면담 및 개방형 설문 자료를 기반으로 예비 문항을 제작하였다. 이후 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석을 통해 최종적으로 3요인, 17문항으로 구성된 척도를 개발하였다. 각 요인은 ‘사별에 대한 수용’, ‘고인과의 관계 재정립’, ‘긍정적 관점’으로 명명하였다. ‘사별에 대한 수용’은 사별을 인정하고 받아들이는 과정이며, ‘고인과의 관계 재정립’은 고인과 심리적으로 연결되어있는 상태를 지속하려는 노력이다. ‘긍정적 관점’은 미래와 자신에 대한 긍정적인 태도와 정서를 의미한다. 본 연구 결과, ‘고인과의 관계 재정립’은 이중과정모델의 상실지향대처와 ‘긍정적 관점’은 회복지향대처와 부합하는 문항들로 구성되었다. 한편 ‘사별에 대한 수용’ 요인에는 상실지향대처와 회복지향대처와 관련된 문항들이 함께 포함되었다. 청소년 사별 후 대처척도의 내적일치도와 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 양호하였다. 또한 본 척도의 수렴타당도, 예측타당도, 증분타당도의 타당성이 검증되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 본 연구에서 개발한 청소년 사별 후 대처척도가 청소년기 사별에 대한 대처를 측정하는데 적절하다는 것을 지지한다.
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and validate the Bereavement Coping Scale for Adolescents based on the dual process model(Strobe & Schut, 2010). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, open-ended surveys, and self-report surveys from people who experienced bereavement during adolescence. Preliminary items were developled based on the dual process model, semi-structured interviews, and open-ended survey data. Subsequently, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis yielded a scale consisting of three factors: acceptance of bereavement, rebuilding relationship with the deceased, and positive perspective, totaling 17 items. Acceptance of bereavement involves acknowledging and accepting the bereavement, rebuilding relationship with the deceased reflects efforts to maintain a psychological connection with the deceased, and positive perspective encompasses a positive attitude and emotion toward the future and oneself. The results indicated that the rebuilding relationship with the deceased factor corresponds to loss-oriented coping, while the positive perspective factor aligns with restoration-oriented coping in the dual process model. On the other hand, the acceptance of bereavement factor includes items corresponding to both loss-oriented and restoration-oriented coping. The scale’s internal consistency and test-retest reliability were satisfactory, and its convergent, predictive, and incremental validity were confirmed. In conclusion, the Bereavement Coping Scale for Adolescents is suitable for assessing coping mechanisms following bereavement during adolescence.
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