한국판 지속 유대 척도의 타당화
Validation of the Korean Version of the Continuing Bonds Scale
0
조회
0
다운로드
9
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 지속 유대 척도(Continuing Bonds Scale: CBS)를 한국어로 번안하여 한국판 지속 유대 척도(이하 K-CBS)의 요인구조, 신뢰도 및 타당도를 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 연구 1에서 가족을 포함하여 친밀관계에 있던 사람과 사별한 경험이 있는 성인을 대상(293명)으로 탐색적 요인분석을 실시한 결과, 10개 문항의 단일 요인 구조가 도출되었으며, 전체 변량의 52.59%를 설명하였다. K-CBS의 내적 합치도는 .92로 양호하였다. 연구 2에서 동일한 조건의 새로운 표본(200명)을 대상으로 확인적 요인분석을 실시한 결과, 표준화 회귀계수 추정치는 모두 적절하였지만 다중상관자승치가 .40 미만인 한 문항이 있어서 이것을 제거하고 9문항을 최종 문항으로 결정하였다. 9문항 단일 요인에 대한 모형 적합도는 양호한 수준으로 나타났다. 관련 변인과의 관계를 보면, K-CBS는 애도반응과 정적 상관을 보이고, 우울과도 약한 정적 상관을 보였으나 애도반응을 통제했을 때, K-CBS는 오히려 우울감소를 예측하였다. 외상 후 성장과는 유의한 정적 상관을 나타냈다. 아울러 K-CBS 점수는 사별 대상과 상실 예상 여부에 따른 집단에서 차이가 유의하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 K-CBS가 지속 유대를 신뢰롭고 타당하게 측정하는 도구임을 보여준다. 끝으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점, 추후 연구방향에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
The present study aimed at examining the factor structure, reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Continuing Bonds Scale (K-CBS). In study 1, exploratory factor analysis was administered to 293 bereaved adults who had experienced the death of a loved one, and it revealed a single factor structure with 10 items that explained 52.59% of the total variance. The K-CBS showed good internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha of .92. In study 2, confirmatory factor analysis in a different sample of 200 bereaved adults indicated satisfactory standardized regression weights of all items. However, one item had a squared multiple correlation less than .40, hence, this item was discarded, and 9 items remained for the final scale. The single factor model with 9 items displayed a good fit. The K-CBS had strong positive correlation with grief symptoms, and weak positive correlation with depression. After controlling for grief, however, the K-CBS was predictive of a decrease in depression. The K-CBS was positively associated with posttraumatic growth. In addition, significant differences in scores of the K-CBS were shown among groups based on the deceased's relation to the bereaved and expectedness of loss. These results suggest that the K-CBS is a reliable and valid instrument to measure continuing bonds. Finally, implications, limitations, and directions for future research were discussed.
참고문헌 (50)
- 송승훈, "한국판 외상후 성장 척도의 타당도 및 신뢰도 연구", 한국심리학회지: 건강, 14(1), pp.193~214 (2009), 한국건강심리학회
- 안영란, "배우자 사별여성을 위한 개별적 사별중재 프로그램의 개발과 효과", 박사, ?, pp.2006
- 전겸구, "한국판 CES-D 개발 연구 1", 한국심리학회지 : 임상, 11(1), pp.65~76 (1992)
- 홍세희, "구조방정식 모형의 적합도 지수 선정기준과 그 근거", 한국심리학회지 : 임상, 19(1), pp.161~177 (2000)
- Baltes, M. M., "The process of successful ageing", Ageing and Society, 16(4), pp.397~422 (1996)
- Boelen, P., "Continuing bonds and grief : A prospective analysis", Death Studies, 30, pp.767~776 (2006)
- Boerner, K., "To have and have not : Adaptive bereavement by transforming mental ties to the deceased", Death Studies, 27, pp.199~226 (2003)
- Bonanno, G. A., "Toward an integrative perspective on bereavement", Psychological Bulletin, 125(6), pp.760~776 (1999)
- Bonanno, G. A., "Interpersonal ambivalence, perceived relationship adjustment, and conjugal loss", Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66(6), pp.1012~1022 (1998)
- Bowlby, J., "Attachment and loss, Vol. 3. Loss: Sadness and depression" (1980), Basic Books
- Calhoun, L. G., "Meaning reconstruction and the experience of loss", pp.157~172 (2001), American Psychological Association
- Currier, J. M., "Attachment, continuing bonds, and complicated grief following violent loss : Testing a moderated model", Death Studies, 39, pp.201~210 (2015)
- Field, N. P., "Handbook of bereavement research and practice: Advances in theory and intervention", pp.113~132 (2008), American Psychological Association
- Field, N. P., "Continuing bonds, risk factors for complicated grief, and adjustment to bereavement", Death Studies, 34, pp.1~29 (2010)
- Field, N. P., "Continuing bonds in coping with the death of a husband", Death Studies, 28, pp.597~620 (2004)
- Field, N. P., "Continuing bonds and adjustment at 5 years after the death of a spouse", Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(1), pp.110~117 (2003)
- Field, N. P., "Continuing Bonds in Bereavement : An attachment theory based perspective", Death Studies, 29, pp.277~299 (2005)
- Field, N. P., "The relation of continuing attachment to adjustment in conjugal bereavement", Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67(2), pp.212~218 (1999)
- Fraley, R. C., "Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications", pp.735~759 (1999), Guilford
- Freud, S., "The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud, Vol. 14(1914-1916). On the history of the psychoanalytic movement, papers on metapsychology and other works", pp.237~258 (1917), The Hogarth Press
- Gaines, R., "Detachment and continuity", Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 33(4), pp.549~571 (1997)
- Hagman, G., "Progress in self psychology, Vol. 11. The impact of new ideas", pp.189~205 (1995), Analytic Press
- Hagman, G., "Meaning reconstruction and the experience of loss", pp.13~31 (2001), American Psychological Association
- Horowitz, M. J., "Diagnostic criteria for complicated grief disorder", American Journal of psychiatry, 154(7), pp.904~910 (1997)
- Hu, L. T., "Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis : Conventional criteria versus new alternatives", Structural Equation Modeling : A multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), pp.1~55 (1999)
- Kim, K., "Pathological grief and its relationship to other psychiatric disorders", Journal of Affective Disorders, 21(4), pp.257~263 (1991)
- Klass, D., "Continuing bonds: New understandings of grief" (1996), Taylor & Francis
- Klass, D., "Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care", pp.431~448 (2001), American Psychological Association
- Kline, R. B., "Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling" (2011), The Guilford Press
- Mikulincer, M., "Handbook of bereavement research and practice: Advances in theory and intervention", pp.87~112 (2008), American Psychological Association
- Neimeyer, R. A., "Continuing bonds and reconstructing meaning : Mitigating complications in bereavement", Death Studies, 30, pp.715~738 (2006)
- Neimeyer, R. A., "Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care", pp.89~118 (2001), American Psychological Association
- Parkes, C. M., "Handbook of bereavement: Theory, research and intervention", pp.91~101 (1993), Cambridge University Press
- Parkes, C. M., "Recovery from bereavement" (1998), International Universities Press
- Parkes, C. M., "Bereavement: Studies of grief in adult life" (2010), Penguin
- Raphael, B., "The anatomy of bereavement" (1983), Basic Books
- Rando, T. A., "Treatment of complicated grief" (1993), Research Press
- Root, B. L., "The role of continuing bonds in coping with grief: Overview and future directions", Death Studies, 38, pp.1~8 (2014)
- Rosenblatt, P. C., "Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care", pp.285~300 (2001), American Psychological Association
- Sanders, C. M., "Grief: The mourning after" (1989), John Wiley & Sons
- Schut, H. A. W., "Continuing relationships with the deceased : Disentangling bonds and grief", Death Studies, 30, pp.757~766 (2006)
- Shuchter, S. R., "Handbook of bereavement: Theory, research and intervention", pp.23~43 (1993), Cambridge University Press
- Silverman, P. R., "Detachment revisited : The child's reconstruction of a dead parent", American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 62(4), pp.494~503 (1992)
- Stroebe, M. S., "Continuing bonds in adjustment to bereavement : Impact of abrupt versus gradual separation", Personal Relationships, 19(2), pp.255~266 (2012)
- Stroebe, M. S., "To continue or relinquish bonds : A review of consequences for the bereaved", Death Studies, 29, pp.477~494 (2005)
- Stroebe, M., "Continuing bonds in adaptation to bereavement : Toward theoretical integration", Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), pp.259~268 (2010)
- Volkan, V. D., "Linking objects and linking phenomena" (1981), International Universities Press
- Wortman, C. B., "Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care", pp.405~429 (2001), American Psychological Association
- Worden, J. W., "Grief counseling and grief therapy: A handbook for the mental health practitioner" (1982), Springer
- Worden, J. W., "Grief counseling and grief therapy: A handbook for the mental health practitioner" (2003), Brunner-Routledge
