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국내 살해 후 자살의 현황과 특성

Current Status and Characteristics of Homicide-Suicide in Korea

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초록

본 연구에서는 우리나라에서 발생한 살해 후 자살의 현황을 파악하고, 이들의 자살과 관련한 특성을 확인하였다. 살해 후 자살은 사건 자체가 가지는 심각한 폭력성, 발생 이후 주변의 충격 정도, 미디어의 높은 관심과 확산 가능성에도 불구하고, 공식 통계의 부족으로 그동안 정확히 연구되지 못했다. 이에 보건복지부가 한국생명존중희망재단을 통해 수집한 ‘경찰 수사기록을 통한 자살사망자 전수조사’ 데이터를 이용하여 2013년부터 2017년까지의 살해 후 자살사망자의 현황, 인구통계학적 특성, 자살 관련 특성, 사망 전 경고신호와 유서 정보를 탐색했다. 이때, 살해 후 자살유형을 Marzuk, Tardiff와 Hirsch(1992)가 제시한 방식에 따라 네 가지 유형-동반자 살해 후 자살, 자녀 살해 후 자살, 가족 살해 후 자살, 가족 외 살해 후 자살-으로 분류한 후 카이검증을 통해 유형간 차이를 확인하였다. 분석 결과, 우리나라는 5년간 전체 자살사망자 수의 0.44%가 살해 후 자살사망자에 해당하였고, 인구 10만 명 당 평균 살해 후 자살사망률은 0.11명이었다. 유형 간 차이를 확인한 결과, 동반자 살해 후 자살유형은 남성, 고연령대의 비율이 높고 관계문제를 주원인으로 하는 경우가 많았다. 자녀 살해 후 자살유형은 여성, 저연령대의 비율이 높고, 사망 당시 우울 및 수면 문제와 같은 정신건강문제를 지니고 있었던 비율이 높았으며, 유서상에 자살의 이유를 언급한 빈도가 높았다. 가족 살해 후 자살유형은 사망 당시 경제문제를 경험하고 있었던 비율이 높았다. 이러한 분석 결과를 바탕으로 연구의 의의, 제한점 및 향후 연구 방향을 논의하였다.

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the current status and suicide-related characteristics of homicide-suicides in Korea. Homicide-suicide has not been accurately studied due to the lack of official statistics, despite the seriousness of violence in the incidents, the degree of shock around it, high interest in the media, and the possibility of its spread. The data for this study were based on ‘The Korean National Investigations of Suicide Victims Through Police Records from 2013 to 2017’ which were performed by the Korea Foundation For Suicide Prevention, an affiliate of the Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare. According to Marzuk, Tardiff and Hirsch(1992), homicide-suicide can be classified into four types-spousal homicide-suicide, filicide-suicide, familicide-suicide, and extrafamilial homicide-suicides. According to the analysis, 0.44% of the total number of suicide deaths in Korea over the past five years corresponds to homicide-suicides, and the average suicide rate per 100,000 people was 0.11. The spousal homicide-suicide perpetrators included a higher proportion of men and individuals with higher age; the primary cause being relationship problems. The filicide-suicide perpetrators included a higher proportion of women, lower age, having mental health problems such as depression and sleep problems, and writing reasons for suicide in their suicide notes as compared to other types of homicide-suicides. The Familicide-suicide perpetrators included a higher proportion of economic problems. Finally, we discussed the implications, limitations, and directions for future research.

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