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성별소수자 스트레스와 자살생각의 관계: 회복력과 대인관계 요인의 조절된 매개효과

Gender Minority Stress and Suicidal Ideation: The Moderated Mediating Effect of Resilience and Interpersonal Factors

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초록

본 연구는 성별소수자 특수적인 스트레스 요인과 자살의 대인관계 심리학적 모델에 기반하여 성별소수자의 자살생각에 기여하는 심리사회적 요인을 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 먼저 성별소수자가 겪는 외부 및 내부 스트레스와 회복력 요인을 측정하는 성별소수자 스트레스와 회복력 척도(Gender Minority Stress and Resilience, GMSR)를 번안하여 국내 성별소수자 집단을 대상으로 타당화 하였다. 다음으로 성별소수자의 외부 스트레스가 내부 스트레스를 매개하여 자살생각으로 이어지는 매개모델에서 성별소수자 스트레스 모델의 회복력 요인인 성별소수자 정체성에 대한 자긍심과 성별소수자 공동체 연결성이 보호요인으로서 조절된 매개효과를 보이는지를 알아보고, 자살에 대한 대인관계 심리학적 모델을 기반으로 좌절된 소속감과 짐이 되는 느낌이 위험요인으로서 조절된 매개효과를 보이는지를 알아보았다. 이를 위해 온라인 설문조사를 통해 수집된 성별소수자 성인 200명의 자료를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, GMSR 척도의 요인 구조, 신뢰도 및 타당도는 적합하였다. 하지만 원척도에서 제안한 9요인 모델은 본 자료에 적합하지 않았고, 성별소수자 외부 스트레스, 내부 스트레스, 회복력 요인 각각에 대한 단일 요인 모델이 한국 성별소수자 인구에서 적합한 요인 모델인 것으로 나타났다. 성별소수자 스트레스와 자살생각의 관계에 대한 조절된 매개모형 검증 결과, 성별 소수자 외부 스트레스와 자살생각의 관계를 내부 스트레스가 완전매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 내부 스트레스가 자살생각에 이르는 경로에서 회복력 요인과 대인관계 요인의 조절효과 검증 결과에서는 짐이 되는 느낌만이 유의하게 이들의 관계를 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 성별소수자가 경험하는 내부 스트레스와 짐이 되는 느낌이 이들의 자살생각을 높이는 위험요인이 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

Abstract

Gender minorities face the problem of various discrimination in mainstream society, which is divided into men and women. The goal of this study was twofold. First, this study validated the Gender Minority Stress and Resilience (GMSR) measure, a self-report measure of stress and resilience of gender minorities in a Korean population. Second, based on the gender minority stress and resilience model and the interpersonal psychological model of suicide, this study aimed to examine the moderated mediating effect of resilience and interpersonal factors in the relationship between gender minority stress and suicidal ideation. It was hypothesized that gender minority resilience factors, such as pride and community connectedness would protect against suicidal ideation in the face of gender minority stress, and that thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness would function as facilitators for suicidal ideation. Using two hundred Korean gender minority data, the study results indicated that the GMSR is a valid measure of gender minority stress and resilience in a Korean gender minority population. However, the nine-factor model of the GMSR did not meet the standards of good measurement. Instead, the one-factor model of gender minority external stress, internal stress, and resilience, respectively, had appropriate model fits, suggesting these three factors retain independent psychological concepts. The results of the moderated mediating effect of resilience and interpersonal factors revealed that internal stress fully mediated the relationship between external stress and suicidal ideation and only perceived burdensomeness moderated the relationship between internal stress and suicidal ideation in the mediation model. The findings of this study suggest that gender minority-specific stress, especially internal stress, and perceived burdensomeness are important risk factors for suicidal ideation among the gender minority population in Korea.

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