대학생의 삶의 의미추구와 의미발견의 종단적 변화와 정신건강과의 관계
Longitudinal Change of University Students’ Search for Meaning and Presence of Meaning and its Relationship with Mental Health
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본 연구에서는 대학생들의 갖는 삶의 의미추구와 의미발견을 종단적 변화에 따른 집단으로 구분하고 정신건강 변인에서 차이를 보이는지 확인하였다. 이를 위해 서울 및 경기권의 대학생을 대상으로 6개월마다 3번의 자기 보고식 설문을 시행하였으며, 1차(1,087명)에 참여하고 2차(475명) 또는 3차(370명) 설문에 참여한 478명을 분석대상으로 하여 잠재계층성장분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 삶의 의미추구와 의미발견의 성장 변화에 따른 5개의 집단이 확인되었고 ‘부적응적 의미추구형(높은 추구-낮은 발견)’, ‘적응적 의미발견형(낮은 추구-높은 발견)’, ‘의미추구 진행형(중간 추구-중간 발견)’, ‘적응적 의미성취형(높은 추구-높은 발견)’, ‘의미발견 정체형(낮은 추구-낮은 발견)’으로 명명하였다. 또한, 각 집단이 정신건강에서 서로 다른 특성을 보이는지 확인한 결과 모든 변인에서 집단 간 유의미한 차이를 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 집단별로는 ‘적응적 의미발견형’과 ‘적응적 의미성취형’은 전반적인 정신건강이 높은 집단인 것으로 나타났다. 반면 ‘부적응적 의미추구형’과 ‘의미발견 정체형’은 정신건강 상의 어려움을 많이 겪고 있는 집단으로 나타나 상담 및 교육적 개입이 필요한 집단임을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 한 연구의 함의와 제한점, 제언을 논의하였다.
Abstract
This study classified university students’ search for meaning and presence of meaning into groups based on longitudinal change, and examined whether groups showed differences in mental health. A survey was conducted on university students in Seoul and Gyeonggi province three times with a six-month interval. A latent class growth analysis was conducted with data from 478 students. The analysis revealed five groups, which were named ‘maladaptive meaning-seeking type (high search-low presence),’ ‘adaptive meaning-presence type (low search-high presence),’ ‘ongoing meaning-seeking type (middle search-middle presence),’ ‘adaptive meaning achievement type (high search-high presence),’ and ‘stagnant meaning-presence type (low search-low presence).’ The ‘adaptive meaning-presence type’ and ‘adaptive meaning achievement type’ appeared to have good overall mental health. ‘Maladaptive meaning-seeking type’ and ‘stagnant meaning-presence type’ appeared to be experiencing a great deal of mental health difficulties. Based on the findings, the directions for future studies were discussed.
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